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تبیین مفهوم کالایی شدن زمین و نمود فضایی آن در ناحیه خزری مطالعه موردی؛ غرب استان گیلان | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 10 مهر 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2025.391197.2023 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حبیب محمودی چناری* 1؛ زهرا جنسی2؛ شهرام شریفی هشجین3 | ||
| 1جهاد دانشگاهی گیلان | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری : گروه محیط زیست ، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست.، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3گروه مطالعات ناحیه ای، پژوهشکده محیط زیست، سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی گیلان، رشت، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش با هدف تبیین مفهوم کالایی شدن زمین در ناحیه غربی استان گیلان انجام شده است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی، از نظر روش جمع آوری اطلاعات اسنادی و میدانی(مصاحبه و پرسشنامه) با رویکرد ترکیبی، و از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنین محلی، کارشناسان و خبرگان می باشند که برای تعیین حجم نمونه درگروه(کارشناسان و خبرگان) از روش هدفمند( گلوله برفی) و برای جامعه محلی از روش تخمین شخصی استفاده شده است. همچنین به منظور بررسی و تهیه نقشه کاربری اراضی، و تعیین حدود تغییرات از تصاویر ماهواره لندست مربوط به سال‌های 1369، 1379، 1392 و 1399بهره گرفته شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به کمک نرم افزارهای spss، Gis، و MATLAB انجام شده و نشان داد که در محدوه مورد مطالعه زمین به مثابه کالایی در قالب خانه های ویلایی یا خانه دوم، املاک زراعی و باغی، و همچنین در قالب طرح های گردشگری با هدف کسب سود، حفظ سرمایه و انباشت آن خریدو فروش می شود. این روند که در سال های اخیر بخصوص از دهه 90 شمسی شدت گرفته، در حال گسترش بوده و نظارت دقیق و برنامه ریزی شده ای بر آن وجود ندارد. بی ترید مشکل کالایی شدن زمین در منطقه مورد مطالعه چند وجهی بوده که بشکل نمودهای فضایی بر مولفه های اقتصادی با مقدار میانگین مجموع 52/4، معیار زیست محیطی -کالبدی با مقدار میانگین مجموع 11/4 و مولفه های معیار اجتماعی فرهنگی با مجموع میانگین 81/3 اثرگذاشته و تعادل فضایی آنها را تهدید می‌کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ناحیه خزری؛ کالایی شدن زمین؛ نمود فضایی؛ تغییر کاربری زمین؛ غرب استان گیلان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Explaining the Concept of Land Commodification and Its Spatial Manifestation in the Caspian Region: A Case Study of Western Gilan Province" | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| habibi mahmoodi chenari1؛ zahra jensi2؛ Shahram Sharifi Hashjin3 | ||
| 1هیات علمی | ||
| 2b. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 3c. a. Regional Studies Group, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Gilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Space has social, economic, environmental, and ecological dimensions and derives its meaning from social interactions. Land commodification turns land into a marketable good for profit. In western Gilan, particularly in rural-urban areas, this phenomenon has altered settlement and economic patterns. Rural-to-urban migration and the sale of agricultural lands to non-locals have disrupted the region’s spatial structure, shifting from a production-based to a consumption-oriented economy. This trend has led to environmental degradation, decreased agricultural production, and heightened social and economic inequalities. Understanding the impact of land commodification on the region’s spatial structure is crucial. Methodology The present study is applied, descriptive-analytical, and employs a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). Data were collected through documentary research and fieldwork (interviews and questionnaires). The study area covers western Gilan province, with land-use patterns, locals, and experts as the unit of analysis. The sample size was determined using snowball sampling for experts and personal estimation for the local community. Land-use changes and commodification were analyzed using Landsat satellite images (1989, 2000, 2013, 2020), NDVI, and DEM from the ALOS PALSAR satellite. Data were processed with ENVI and ArcGIS software. The sample included 145 experts and 386 local households. Using Creswell’s mixed-methods typology, data were simultaneously collected, interpreted, and analyzed. Results and discussion The results of this study on the commodification of land in the western region of Gilan province indicate significant land-use changes over a 30-year period. Analysis of satellite images shows a consistent decline in agricultural and forested lands alongside a sharp increase in residential areas. These changes are mainly driven by factors such as urban expansion, rural-to-urban migration, and the rising demand for second homes due to tourism. Additionally, barren and pasture lands shift seasonally between these classifications due to climatic conditions. The commodification process is most evident in the rapid growth of residential land use, far exceeding the natural population growth rate. In counties like Astara, residential areas have increased ninefold, while agricultural and forested lands have drastically decreased. Similar trends are observed in counties like Talesh, Fuman, and Masal, where the conversion of agricultural and forested lands into residential zones is widespread. Global comparisons further highlight this trend. In countries like South Africa and China, land commodification aligns with market-driven policies and privatization efforts, often leading to significant socio-economic impacts. In Turkey and South Korea, government control and real estate investments exacerbate land commodification by limiting land availability and driving up prices. Overall, this study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable land management policies to curb the overexploitation of agricultural and forested lands and mitigate the socio-economic consequences of rapid land commodification in the region. Conclusion The study of land commodification in western Gilan reveals the profound and multifaceted impacts of this phenomenon on economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions. The region's unique climatic conditions and scenic landscapes have attracted increasing numbers of tourists, transforming it into a major tourism hub in Iran. This influx has driven significant changes in land use, with rising demand for accommodation and recreational facilities leading to extensive conversion of agricultural lands into tourism-related properties. As a result, speculative land trading has surged, driving up land prices and pushing rural communities toward selling their lands in pursuit of short-term profits. Economically, the commodification of land has led to soaring property prices, speculative trading, and the erosion of productive agricultural activities, threatening long-term food security and sustainable rural development. Socially and culturally, the influx of non-local investors and tourists has altered traditional lifestyles, reshaped demographic compositions, and introduced cultural disparities, leading to weakened community cohesion and identity. Environmentally, widespread land conversion has disrupted ecosystems, reduced agricultural lands, and increased ecological degradation, including deforestation, pollution, and habitat loss. Comparative analysis with other countries such as China, South Korea, and African nations illustrates how varying governance structures and regulatory policies influence the trajectory of land commodification. In Iran, the lack of effective policies, weak regulatory oversight, and insufficient support for sustainable land use have exacerbated the negative outcomes. To mitigate these issues, urgent policy interventions are required, including strict regulation of land transactions, legal documentation for land ownership, and the establishment of a comprehensive land management system. Promoting agricultural productivity, diversifying rural income sources, and enforcing environmental protections are essential for balancing economic development with ecological sustainability. Ultimately, controlling the commodification of land in western Gilan requires collaborative efforts from government agencies, local communities, and civil society organizations to preserve agricultural resources, maintain cultural heritage, and ensure long-term environmental integrity. Implementing integrated land management policies and fostering sustainable tourism can help achieve equitable development and safeguard the region’s future Funding This article is derived from the project: "The Commodification of Land and the Explanation of Its Spatial Effects in the Western Region of Gilan Province." It was conducted with the financial support of the Central Office of Jahad-e-Daneshgahi of Iran in 2023. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Caspian region, land commodification, land use change, spatial manifestation, western Gilan province | ||
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