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نقش مزرعه گردشگری در معماری کسب و کار روستاهای درون زا (فاقد توسعه و پشتیبانی): مطالعه مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 10 مهر 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2025.394129.2029 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی ملکی چرکوانی* 1؛ فرهنگ مظفر2؛ محد علی خان محمدی3؛ بهرام صالح صدق پور4 | ||
| 1گروه معماری دانشکده معماری و علوم محیطی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران | ||
| 2گروه معماری دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران | ||
| 3دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران | ||
| 4دانشکده علوم انسانی - دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نظریه های جدید روستایی بر کاهش مداخله و درون زایی و اقتصاد محلی تاکید دارند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی جایگاه مزرعه گردشگری در فضاهای کسب و کار روستاهای درون زا است. جهت تبیین متغیرها و روابط ساختاری، پژوهش با روش همبستگی با جامعه آماری تولید کنندگان روستایی در ناحیه 7 منظومه بابل کنار ، حجم نمونه 180 و ابزار نمونه گیری پرسشنامه بسته با طیف لیکرت 4 تایی با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS20 و Amos24 انجام شد. مراحل اجرا شامل: 1-تولید مدل شاخص و تبدیل آن به مدل مطلوب، 2- تدوین مدلهای مفروض معماری گردشگری درون زا ، 3- ارزیابی شاخص های برازش اولویت بندی مدلهای دو و سه و چهار عاملی 4-بحث و تفسیر در مدل SEM بود. نتایج نشان می دهد که حذف عامل برون زای توسعه و پشتیبانی روستا باعث بهبود شاخص های ارزیابی مدلهای مفروض می شود و بطور معمول کاهش عوامل و متغیرها باعث بهبود شاخص ها می گردد به نحویکه در مدلهای دو عاملی خطا به صفر میرسد. پیچیده ترین ساختار درون زا با 4 عامل «مزرعه گردشگری»، «مزرعه خلاق»، «مسکن معیشتی» و «معماری غیر مسکونی» تعریف می شود. برای برنامه ریزی 3 عاملی، عامل «معماری غیر مسکونی» و برای دو عاملی، «مزرعه خلاق» حذف شود و انتخاب تعداد عامل بر اساس مطالعه عوامل موجود، میزان توسعه یافتگی و گستردگی برنامه ریزی روستایی پذیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مدل معادلات ساختاری؛ معماری کسب و کار روستایی؛ مزرعه گردشگری؛ مسکن معیشتی؛ روستا- مزرعه خلاق | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The role of tourism farms in the business space architecture of endogenous villages (lack of development & support): the study of structural equation modeling (SEM) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| morteza maleki charkovani1؛ farhang mozaffar2؛ mohammad ali khan mohammadi3؛ bahram saleh sedghpour4 | ||
| 1architecture department of architecture and environment faculty of iran university of science and thechnology | ||
| 2School Of Architecture And Environmental Design of iran university of science & thechnology | ||
| 3School Of Architecture And Environmental Design of iran university of science & thechnology | ||
| 4FACULTY OF HUMANITIES OF SHAHID RAJAI TEACHER TRAINING UNIVERSITY | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Given the growth of rural populations and the imperative to enhance villagers’ income and welfare, the development of rural businesses has become essential. Contemporary rural development theories primarily emphasize minimizing external intervention, fostering endogenous processes, and focusing on local economies, production activities, and business spaces, including marketplaces. Business space is conceptualized as comprising four elements: (1) livelihood housing, (2) indigenous tourism farms, (3) village-creative farms, and (4) non-residential workspaces. Scholars have offered diverse perspectives on the relationship between tourism and the economic prosperity of rural communities. This relationship can be understood through positive, negative, and dual dimensions: negative impacts arise from extensive and uncontrolled development, whereas positive outcomes result from dispersed and integrated development in the context of sustainable tourism. The dual effects are context-dependent, varying with time, location, and planning strategies. Tourism farms, also referred to as agricultural tourism, can stimulate socio-economic development while mitigating negative environmental impacts. Consequently, they can be categorized as a form of sustainable tourism. However, research on the architecture of rural business spaces remains limited. This study aims to examine the role of tourism farms, in combination with livelihood housing, within a SEM framework of business spaces in endogenous villages characterized by limited development and support. Methodology To examine the variables and their structural relationships, the study employed correlation analysis and SEM. The study population comprised rural and tourism business owners and producers. A sample of 180 participants was surveyed using a closed-ended questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale. Path analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 and AMOS 24 software. The implementation steps included: (1) developing the indicator model, entering it into the software, and converting it into the target model; (2) constructing hypothetical models of intrinsic tourism architecture; (3) evaluating indicators to prioritize two-, three-, and four-factor models; and (4) discussing and interpreting the results within the SEM framework. Factor analysis was performed twice in SPSS to identify the underlying factors. Initially, 32 factors were extracted. Due to the large number of factors and resulting modeling options, the variables of each factor were aggregated into composite functions. A second round of factor analysis in SPSS produced seven second-order factors and 21 first-order factors. Subsequently, these factors were incorporated into a conceptual model and refined in AMOS according to standard model fit indicators, ultimately yielding five second-order factors and twelve first-order factors. Regarding relationships among components, the maximum standardized regression weight between the tourism farm and livelihood housing was 1.684. Among the components, indigenous tourism exhibited the strongest association, with a standardized weight of 0.611 in the second stage of livelihood breeding (silkworm production), decreasing to 0.61 and 0.31 in subsequent business stages. Discussion This study examined the indicators of seven structural relationship models with two, three, and four factors. A summary of the results and their interpretation is presented in the table below. Table 1. The recommended number of factors involved in business architecture in the village of intrinsic tourism Priority according to the number of factors Impressionable Mediator Influential Number of factors Total rank First 2 factors-attention to the relationship between these two factors in simple planning Livelihood housing - Tourism farm 2 1 Second 2 factors-the development of non-residential buildings is not the first priority. Non-residential business - Tourism farm 2 2 Third 2 factors-not recommended. Creative farm - Tourism farm 2 3 First 3 factors-tourism and creative farms can develop livelihood housing. Livelihood housing Creative farm Tourism farm 3 4 Second 3 factors - not recommended. Non-residential business Creative farm Tourism farm 3 5 This model can be used in planning on the scale of the rural area where these factors exist. Non and residential business Creative farm Tourism farm 4 6 Support development unit to serve rural business development as a initiator, driver and facilitator. Non-residential business 3other factors Support development 5 7 Conclusion In conclusion, the study demonstrated that removing the exogenous factor of village development and support improved the evaluation indicators across all hypothetical models. Therefore, in planning and designing rural business spaces, it is recommended to focus on the minimal number of factors necessary. The simplest and most effective structure highlights two factors: tourism farms and livelihood housing. The most complex model incorporates four factors—tourism farms, livelihood housing, village-creative farms, and non-residential architecture—but produced the weakest outcomes among the proposed models. The optimal configuration is a three-factor model, comprising tourism farms, livelihood housing, and village-creative farms. The elimination of the exogenous factor, combined with the evaluation, validation, and interpretation of the tourism farm business models, demonstrates the effectiveness of removing exogenous influences while preserving the endogenous role of the tourism farm. These findings support the theoretical framework of second-generation rural development, which emphasizes endogenous models. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| structural equation Model, rural business architecture, tourism farm, livelihood housing, creative village-farm | ||
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