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ناسازه های الگوی توسعه گردشگری روستایی در ایران: بررسی انتقادی تجربیات گذار در روستاهای کوه دره ای نیشابور، خراسان رضوی | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 10 مهر 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2025.390474.2020 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا خسروبیگی* 1؛ سید احمد حسینی2؛ محمدجواد صفایی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سید جمال الدین اسدآبادی، اسدآباد، ایران | ||
| 2دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی | ||
| 3استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر تحلیلی از تاثیر الزامات سیاسی و ایدئولوژیک دولت در نحوه گسترش و توسعه گردشگری در مناطق روستایی را در ایران ارائه‌می‌دهد. فراتر از استدلالات نظری و بررسی‌های موضوعی و نظام‌مند مورد توجه در سوابق مطالعاتی، ما به دنبال ادغام یافتهها با ارائه الگویی هستیم که نشان می‌دهد چگونه ایده‌آل‌های دولت در ایران برای فقرزدایی درعمل بر واقعیت‌های سیاستگذاری تاثیر می‌گذارند، آنچه‌که کمتر مطالعه‌ای بدان پرداخته است. ما بیشتر هنجارهای شکل‌گرفته معمول پیرامون گردشگری و ذینفعانش بواسطه مشروعیت‌بخشی به رویکردهای بسیار متمرکز و درمقابل توجیه عدم دخالت‌دادن به جوامع محلی را در روستاهای کوهستانی نیشابور، استان خراسان رضوی به‌عنوان نمونه مطالعاتی، مورد نقد قرار دادیم. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش‌تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شده است. درکل، 57 مشارکت کننده با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند برای مصاحبه حضوری و نیمه‌ساختاریافته عمیق انتخاب شدند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل دست‌نوشته‌ها درخصوص نظر مصاحبه‌شوندگان منجربه شکل‌گیری 83 کد اولیه، 19 زیرطبقه، 2 طبقه و 1 تم یا درونمایه شد. یافتهها نشان‌داد که دولت به همراه نیروهای بیرونی، به‌عنوان بازیگران اصلی در بخش گردشگری در فرایند برنامه‌ریزی، تصمیم‌گیری و سرمایه‌گذاری ایفای نقش می‌کنند. شواهد حاکی ازآن است، دولت به بهانه کاهش فقر و رونق‌بخشی به معیشت روستایی و ضرورت بهبود عملکرد اقتصادی و درآمدی در این فرایند، در عمل به حمایت از شرکت‌های و موسسات بیرونی و جذب سرمایه های فرامحلی تاکید دارد؛ لذا به طرح‌های تصمیم‌گیری مشارکتی و موافق با ملاحظه منافع ذینفعان محلی اهمیت چندانی نمی‌دهد. .... | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دولت؛ ایده؛ راهبردهای؛ جوامع؛ گردشگری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Contradictions in the Rural Tourism Development Model in Iran: Transitional Experiences in the Case of Neyshabur, Khorasan Razavi | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| reza Khosrobeigi Bozchalouie1؛ Seyyed Ahmad Hoseini2؛ Mohammad Javad Safaie3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran | ||
| 2M.Sc. Student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Over the past three decades, the Iranian government has pursued a strategy to revitalize rural regions by promoting tourism-driven entrepreneurial activities. This initiative aims to generate diverse non-agricultural employment opportunities, broaden income avenues for farmers, and improve the livelihoods of rural households. Such optimism is well-founded, given that Iran’s rural landscapes offer a rich array of attractions, each providing unique experiences for visitors. However, the tourism-led approach has produced mixed outcomes, largely due to uneven demand across regions and insufficient collaboration among service providers to fully capitalize on the available attractions. Consequently, natural and cultural resources have experienced degradation, while the financial benefits accrued to local communities have remained limited. Although tourism can stimulate economic growth and generate employment, it simultaneously poses substantial challenges that demand careful consideration. Iranian scholars have engaged with these issues, often concentrating on development theories and system dynamics. Nevertheless, limited attention has been given to the political and ideological dimensions of tourism, particularly its role as an instrument of state authority. This research aims to describe, analyze, and evaluate the evolution of rural tourism within the framework of current policies. The study focuses on the mechanisms of disciplinary power through which governance practices shape the roles, behaviors, and agency of local actors. Methodology This study employs a functionalist framework to examine the dynamics of rural tourism development. In developing countries, implementing tourism policies poses significant challenges, largely due to the persistent gap between policy design and actual execution. This frequently leads to an overemphasis on economic gains while neglecting other crucial dimensions, including the active participation of local stakeholders. The functionalist perspective, which conceptualizes policy implementation as merely the final stage of a cyclical process, overlooks the complex political dynamics inherent in this phase. Effective implementation requires cultivating awareness and garnering support for the instruments employed, alongside forming coalitions to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes. Challenges may emerge because the public sector, guided by economic, social, and environmental considerations, provides both the political impetus and structural framework for a tourism industry primarily oriented toward profit generation based on tourist preferences. A qualitative and exploratory research design enables the investigation of competing interests among diverse stakeholders. Accordingly, the analysis draws on in-depth qualitative interviews and a focus group discussion to capture local stakeholders’ perceptions and the factors shaping their engagement with tourism initiatives. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling strategy. Content analysis was conducted using predefined categories and subcategories derived from the research questions and interview prompts. New categories also emerged inductively as the researchers engaged with the transcribed data and were subsequently integrated into the analysis. The study involved 57 participants from Dizbad, Gerineh, Kharv, Darroud, Bozhan, and Bar, including 30 local residents, 15 tourists, 7 government officials, and 5 representatives from participating companies. Data were coded, classified, and organized in five stages using MAXQDA10 software. Results Analysis of the data yielded 83 primary codes and 19 core categories, which were organized into two overarching thematic domains. These domains comprise: (1) the positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism, reflecting stakeholders’ concerns and highlighting the need for a coherent harmony plan; and (2) centralized planning coupled with limited local community participation in decision-making, emphasizing the dominant role of corporate and external investments owing to their resources and expertise. Findings indicate that the government assumes a predominant role in Neyshabur, performing multiple functions including planner, promoter, regulator, investor, and investment agent. The analysis reveals that the government often prioritizes local income generation and employment opportunities over broader environmental, social, and cultural considerations. Moreover, the government favors assigning a central role in tourism development to external companies rather than local communities, perceiving them as possessing the necessary capital and expertise. Discussion Recent research has primarily focused on innovations within the business sector, frequently neglecting the impact of policy frameworks and governmental interventions. This study emphasizes the need for a more nuanced examination of collaborative governance in tourism innovation, particularly from the perspective of customer-driven innovation. Moreover, it is crucial to identify and understand the barriers and challenges that may emerge during the implementation of such governance frameworks. In the case studies examined, although there is substantial support for the government’s call to enhance resident participation, state-backed corporate initiatives frequently dominate, often marginalizing local engagement. Such dominance is generally counterbalanced only when influential local leaders, possessing strong political connections and well-integrated into the system, are able to effectively advance local initiatives. Conclusion The Iranian government upholds particular principles regarding development and economic policies, emphasizing that income should be distributed equitably among all stakeholders, including local communities, rather than being concentrated exclusively within corporate entities. Although this principle is not always fully realized in practice, it can be pursued through alternative strategies that align with the broader developmental objectives. In practice, the government aims to stimulate regional income and employment opportunities through collaboration with external companies, while emphasizing the critical importance of local residents’ utilization of resources. Consequently, fostering collaborative synergy and cultivating social capital are recognized as essential elements for the sustainable transformation of the rural economy. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Government, Ideological. ideals, Centralized, strategies, ... | ||
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