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اثرات معماری و طراحی فضای عمومی شهر بر احساس امنیت شهروندان (مطالعه موردی:پارک بانوان شهر بم) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 مهر 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2025.381493.1008732 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محسن صیدالی* | ||
| گروه جغرافیا و گردشگری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کشان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امنیت در هر مکانی، به شرایط گوناگونی بستگی دارد. در این پژوهش انواعی از آن بیان شده و با توجه به اهمیت امنیت برای انسان، ضرورت بررسی آن مشخص می‌گردد. این پژوهش با یک نگاه و روش جدید، ابعاد امنیت زنان در پارک‌های شهری را بررسی نموده است. این پژوهش کاربردی و از روش‌های مروری-اسنادی(کتابخانه‌ای) برای گردآوری اطلاعات و از روش توصیفی و تحلیلی برای تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده نموده است. با استفاده از توزیع پرسش‌نامه، بین بانوان در پارک، اطلاعات میدانی گردآوری شد. جامعه آماری، بانوان شهر بم به تعداد 228241 نفر و حجم نمونه نیز بر اساس روش کوکران، 384 نفر انتخاب شد. براساس نتایج، میزان تاثیر، ویژگی‌ها و معماری‌های استفاده شده در پارک بانوان جهت ایجاد آرامش (طراحی فضای کالبدی پارک، وضعیت داخلی و فضای سبز، تسهیلات رفاهی، امکانات اجتماعی و عمومی دسترسی به پارک) و ارتباط آن‌ها با امنیت زنان، با توجه به رگرسیون چندگانه بررسی شده است. برای نشان دادن رابطه بین متغیر مستقل و وابسته از قدر مطلق ضریب بتا استفاده شد که هرچه عدد به‌دست آمده، بزگ‌تر باشد، موید رابطه‌ای قوی‌تر، بین دو متغییر است. همچنین، بر اساس اطلاعات آماری برای تعیین ارتباط بین پارامترهای گوناگون بر امنیت بانوان پارک شهر بم به ترتیب ضریب همبستگی چندگانه، ضریب تعیین، ضریب تعیین تعدیل شده و خطای معیار تخمین برابر با 712/0، 507/0، 401/0 و 892/ به دست آمد. برای مقایسه تاثیر متغیرها از ضرایب استاندارد‌شده بتا (بدون توجه به علامت آن) استفاده می‌شود. در اینجا با توجه به اینکه سطح معناداری همه زیر 05/0 است، لذا، همه متغیرها رابطه‌ای معنادار با امنیت زنان دارند. با توجه به ضرایب ستون بتا، طراحی فضای کالبدی پارک با مقدار 359/0 و تسهیلات رفاهی با 281/0 بیش‌ترین تاثیر را بر امنیت دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پارک بانوان؛ امنیت؛ تسهیلات رفاهی؛ فضای کالبدی؛ معماری شهری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effects of architecture and design of the city's public space on citizens' sense of security (Case study: Bam women's park ) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Seidali | ||
| Assistant Professor of Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Natural Resources & Earth Science, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Security is the first, most obvious, and essential basic need of humans and human societies. Security has various dimensions, including psychological, physical, economic-living, social-legal, political, cultural, etc. Among the urban places that are widely used by urban dwellers due to today's apartment life in cities are urban parks. People, especially women, use these places as areas to spend their leisure time, enjoy nature, and perform physical activities. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of architecture and public space design on the sense of security of citizens of Bam city. It also pursued more specific goals, including investigating the impact of the visual and morphological dimensions of architecture and public space design, the impact of the functional dimensions of architecture and public space design, and the impact of the perceptual and social dimensions of architecture and public space design on the sense of security of citizens of Bam city. Methodology This research was conducted to investigate women's safety by collecting information, describing the research topic and conducted in the Women's Park in Bam city, Kerman province. To conduct the research, descriptive method and questionnaire were used to collect information from people visiting the Women's Park at different ages. From the perspective of the implementation approach, it is a field-survey research (correlation type) that examines the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the research. A documentary review method was used to collect information for the subject and purpose of this study. In this study, observations were made at different times of the day and night by visiting the Women's Park in Bam city, and according to the type of people selected to complete the questionnaire, the questionnaires were distributed and collected as soon as possible. After carefully reviewing the questionnaires and eliminating incomplete questionnaires, 384 questionnaires were prepared for scoring and classification. To collect data related to the hypotheses and research variables, a standard questionnaire (Kanter Urban Space Design Questionnaire 2017) and Pour Ahmad's Urban Security Feeling Questionnaire (2017) were used, which examines the effect and relationship of independent variables on dependent variables. Results and discussion Several cases can be mentioned when examining the descriptive findings of the study. Based on the answers provided in the questionnaire, out of the total number of respondents, 250 were married, and 134 were single, accounting for 65.1% and 34.89%, respectively. The largest age group of users was 25-35 years and 35-40 years, accounting for 48.18% and 24.74%, respectively. Accordingly, most users of the park were women. In terms of literacy and education, the highest percentage was university, high school, and diploma, followed by elementary school, with percentages of 37.76, 22.6, and 18.75, respectively. In terms of employment, the respondents' occupations generally included self-employed, student (studying), housewife, and job seeker, with percentages of 51.04, 24.74, 12.76, and 11.46, respectively. In examining the impact of public transportation on women's safety in using the park, according to the information collected, the use of vans and public taxis (linear) and public transportation was the most popular means of reaching the park. The park environment has various characteristics that should be examined in terms of physical architecture and social and public space of the architecture provided in the construction of the park. Factors that create fear in the park from the perspective of the public and physical space of the park have been examined, including other indicators, such as the dark space inside the park, verbal harassment from various people, attacks or violence from stray people, entry of strangers at various times of the night, and finally, the harassment of homeless and sleeping rough people have caused and created fear in the public and physical space of the Women's Park in Bam city. physical characteristics, architectural, civil and social environment, which according to the opinion of the interviewed people, it was found that women have an average sense of security at different times and based on the environmental conditions. Despite such a situation, women and young girls see part of their activities during the day when they travel from their neighborhoods under the influence of the worry of a not so certain feeling of security, and with this account, the work efficiency and activity of these people are somewhat reduced. .The larger the absolute value of the column related to the beta coefficient (the standardized value of the coefficients that indicates the amount of change in the dependent variable for a change of one standard deviation in the independent variable), the stronger the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable. to give To compare the impact of variables, standardized beta coefficients (regardless of its sign) are used. Here, considering that the significance level of all is below 0.05, therefore, all variables have a significant relationship with women's security. According to the coefficients of the beta column, the design of the park's physical space and amenities have the greatest impact on security. Next, in the discussion section, along with the final analysis of the theoretical and field findings and the relationship between these two parts, the process of proving the hypotheses proposed in this research has been discussed. Conclusion Currently, security in any place can be attributed to various factors, some of which were examined and studied in this study. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the impact of each of the physical design features and architectures used in the Women's Park to create peace (design of the physical space of the park, internal conditions and green space, welfare facilities, social and public facilities and access to the park) and their relationship with women's security in the Women's Park in Bam city is according to multiple regression. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| women', s Park, social security, welfare facilities, physical space, urban design and architecture | ||
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