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تجارب زیسته کشاورزان در هم‌زیستی با تالاب بیشه دالان: یک مطالعه پدیدارشناسانه | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 مهر 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2025.379626.1969 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کبری پیرداده بیرانوند1؛ مصطفی احمدوند* 2؛ آیت اله کرمی3؛ مهدی نوری پور4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج | ||
| 2دانشگاه یاسوج | ||
| 3گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران | ||
| 4گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تالاب‌ها به عنوان یکی از مهمترین بوم‌سازگان، نقش ارزنده‌ای در حفظ تنوع زیستی و تأمین منابع آب کشاورزی و جوامع پیرامونی ایفا می‌کنند و نیازمند حفاظت‌اند. از این رو، در مطالعه حاضر، به بررسی تجربة زیسته کشاورزان برای درک عمیق‌تر تعاملات متقابل انسان و محیط با تمرکز بر تالاب بیشه دالان و شفاف‌سازی مسئولیت‌ها و اقدامات لازم برای حفاظت از آن پرداخته شده است. برای به تصویر کشیدن تجربیات زیسته کشاورزان در هم‌زیستی با تالاب از روش پدیدارشناسی کیفی و نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی یا ارجاع زنجیره‌ای استفاده شده‌است. شرکت‌کنندگان، کشاورزانی بودند که تجربه زیستة تعامل با تالاب را داشته و علاقه‌مند به بیان آن بودند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، دستورالعملی نیمه ساخت یافته بود. مصاحبه‌ها با استفاده از مراحل هفت‌گانه روش کُلایزی، تجزیه و تحلیل و منجر به استخراج 631 عبارت کلیدی، 689 مفهوم و 222 دسته شد که در 17 درون‌مایة مرکزی تدوین شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که کشاورزان وضعیت نامناسب تالاب را نسب به گذشته درک نموده‌اند. فزون بر آن، بررسی ادراک کشاورزان از منظر پنج حیطة تجارب، تعاریف، خاطرات، انتظارات، و رفتارهای آنان منتهی به شناسایی 42 مضمون (با در نظر گرفتن تکرار) شد. با توجه به اهمیت تالاب بیشه دالان برای کشاورزان و جوامع محلی، ضروری است که اقدامات فوری برای احیای آن انجام شود. این امر مستلزم همکاری و مشارکت همه ذینفعان از جمله کشاورزان، نهادهای متولی، متخصصان محیط‌زیست و سازمان‌های غیردولتی و مردمی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تالاب بیشه دالان؛ رفتار محیط‌زیستی؛ روش کلایزی؛ جامعه‌شناسی محیط‌زیست؛ مسئولیت اجتماعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Farmers' lived experiences in coexistence with the Bisheh Dalan wetland: a phenomenological study | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| kobra pirdadeh beyranvand1؛ Mostafa Ahmadvand2؛ Ayatollah Karami3؛ Mehdi Nooripoor4 | ||
| 1Ph.D student in Agricultural Development,, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University | ||
| 2Yasouj University | ||
| 3Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, IRAN | ||
| 4Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Wetlands, as essential ecosystems, play a crucial role in community development and in enhancing environmental quality. These ecosystems are highly vulnerable to environmental changes and serve as vital resources for both human populations and wildlife. The first step toward wetland conservation is to understand the nature of human–environment interactions. This entails analyzing the impacts of human activities on these ecosystems, implementing appropriate conservation strategies, and educating local communities on the ecological significance of wetlands. Accordingly, the present study investigates farmers’ lived experiences to develop a deeper understanding of the reciprocal relationship between humans and wetlands and to clarify the responsibilities and actions required for the protection of the Bisheh Dalan Wetland. Methodology This study is applied in purpose, descriptive-analytical in approach, and qualitative in nature. The research began with a review of theoretical foundations related to the Bisheh Dalan Wetland in Lorestan Province, followed by a qualitative approach involving fieldwork to collect the lived experiences of local residents. The primary method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with local farmers who had direct experience with the wetland and were willing to share their perspectives. Purposive sampling was employed and continued until theoretical saturation was reached, yielding a total of 18 interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The data were extracted, conceptualized, and coded through iterative readings, which enabled thematic categorization to illuminate various dimensions of the phenomenon under investigation.This thematic analysis is grounded in phenomenological epistemology and aims to uncover the essence of participants’ lived experiences. Ethical principles were strictly observed throughout the research, with particular attention to maintaining confidentiality and securing informed consent from all participants. Results The thematic analysis resulted in the identification of 631 significant statements, 689 conceptual codes, and 222 subcategories. These subcategories encompassed farmers’ experiences, definitions, memories, behaviors, and expectations related to the wetland and their broader environmental interactions. This classification was organized around five dimensions of farmers’ perceptions, grounded in a phenomenological framework.The findings indicated that participants recalled the former economic significance of the wetland for the region and perceived its natural condition as more favorable in the past. At present, a marked decline in conservation efforts and attention was observed. Participants recalled past experiences of more effective water management and maintenance practices, which had contributed to the ecological health of the wetland. In contrast, inadequate contemporary management has diminished the utilization of wetland resources by local villagers. In terms of self-definitions, participants reported that their economic and livelihood conditions were more favorable in the past, whereas they currently face more adverse circumstances. Regarding expectations, participants expressed hope for the restoration and improvement of the wetland’s condition. Overall, villagers currently engage in less sustainable practices related to water extraction and land use compared to the past. Discussion and Conclusion Industrial development has significantly degraded ecosystems, placing environmental protection at the forefront of global priorities. Wetlands, in particular, demand sustainable management owing to their critical ecological functions. The findings indicate that despite the growing discourse around ecocentric perspectives, most farmers living near the Bisheh Dalan Wetland predominantly adopt an anthropocentric worldview. They tend to value the wetland chiefly for its economic utility, rather than recognizing its ecological significance. Despite Bisheh Dalan’s rich biodiversity, it faces multiple challenges, including inadequate conservation practices, ineffective water management, and unauthorized agricultural activities. Addressing these challenges requires strategic planning and active community engagement. Adherence to conservation principles and the implementation of sustainable water use practices are essential to maintaining ecological balance. Key strategies should encompass habitat restoration, environmental education, and the formulation of robust environmental policies. Promoting alternative and sustainable livelihoods may alleviate pressure on natural resources, while collaborative governance structures can foster deeper community involvement. Finally, integrating scientific research with indigenous and local knowledge systems can yield more effective and culturally appropriate conservation strategies that support long-term ecological sustainability. Funding This research received financial support from Yasouj University, which covered the doctoral dissertation expenses of the first author. Authors’ Contribution Author 1: Responsible for sample preparation, data collection, data analysis, and initial drafting of the manuscript. Author 2: Primary dissertation supervisor; contributed to research design, oversaw all stages of the study, and was involved in the revision, editing, and finalization of the manuscript. Author 3: Co-supervisor of the dissertation; contributed to the review and validation of findings and participated in manuscript revision and finalization. Author 4: Dissertation advisor; reviewed and revised the manuscript. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Vice-Chancellor for Education and Graduate Studies at Yasouj University for providing both financial and institutional support for this research. We also extend our appreciation to the peer reviewers and scientific advisors whose constructive feedback greatly contributed to improving the quality of this work. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bisheh Dalan Wetland, Collaizzi method, Environmental behavior, Environmental sociology, Social responsibility | ||
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