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کافوراخشیدی وجایگاه او در حکومتهای اسلامی مصر | ||
| مجله دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی(منتشر نمی شود) | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 160، شماره 0 - شماره پیاپی 982، دی 1380 اصل مقاله (607.66 K) | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| دکتر یدالله نصیریان* | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کافور که در کتب تاریخ با عناوین : استاد‘ابوالمسک و کافور اخشیدی مشهور است نام و عنوان برده و غلامی خصی (خواجه)است که توسط برده فروشی از سودان به مصر آورده شد . این غلام در اوائل سده چهارم (312ه.ق) به عنوان مملوک به خدمت ابوبکر محمد بن طغج فرغانی ملقب به اخشید (پادشاه و احیانأ شاه شاهان ) از امراء عصر عباسی درآمد و از خواص او گردید . کافور به دلیل برخورداری از استعداد ذاتی و هوش سرشار در دستگاه اخشید به مراتب عالی رسید و در مدتی کوتاه توانست منصب فرماندهی سپاه او را به خود اختصاص دهد و در زمره مشاوران و محرم اسرار او درآید .کافور ضمن انجام وظائف محوله سرپرستی و تربیت دو پسر اخشید : ابوالقاسم انوجور و ابوالحسن علی را نیز عهده دار گردید . در سال (335 ه) که اخشید درگذشت فرزند ارشد او انوجور جانشین او گردیده عنوان سلطنت از آن او بود ولی اداره امور و کشورداری به عهده کافور قرار گرفت . در سال (349ه) که انوجور درگذشت و برادرش ابوالحسن علی به سلطنت رسید ‘ همچنان نام و عنوان سلطان از آن علی و اداره امور به دوش کافور قرار داشت ‘ تا آنکه در تاریخ (355 ه) علی بن اخشید نیز درگذشت وکافوربه طور مستقل حکومت مصر و توابع آن را در دست گرفت وتا (357 ه )به مدت دو سال و چند ماه در آن خطه فرمانروایی کرد . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ابوالقاسم انوجور؛ اخشید فرغانی؛ حکومت مصروشام | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| - | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| IN this pamphlet the biography of Kafoor Ekhshicli is investigated. His title in historical books is known as Ostad Abolmesk. It is said that he was a slave and was brought from Sudan to Egypt to be sold. Toward the begInning of the foutrh century (312/934) he was sold to Abu Baker Mohammad Ibn Taghi Farghani known as Ekshid (king of Kings) who was one of the governors of Abbasid Caliphs and became one of the favoured servants. He was promoted in the administration of Ekhshid and, because of his own cleverness and intelligence, he became the commander of the army and of the consultants and a close associate of Ekhshid. By the way, including his high rank, he was the tutor of the Ekhshicl's sons named Abolghasem Anoomoor and Abolhasan Ali. In 335/957, Ekhshld passed away and his older son named Abolhasn became his successor. The latter was the King by name, but in fact the affairs of Egypt and surroudings was fulfilled by Kafoor. In 349 / 971 Abolghasem dIed in 349/971 and his brother became his successor. His position and responsIbility did not change. In 355 after the death of Ali, Kafoor independently ruled Egypt and surroundIngs. Up to the Year 357N79, when ruling the country, his name always was mentioned in all sermons (Khot be) in the two holy mosques – Mecca and Medina He was a popular governor ancl specialy respected in the scholars, circled, Jurisprudents, poets and Alavid sadats. In hIS reign the walfare of the country was so good that no one was In need of IslamIc tax (Zakat). The income of alms (Zakat) was spent for construction of the mosques, schools, and the like. He was very carefulll in choosing the judges. He was recieving openly the complaints made by the oppressed once a week. One of his famous poets in his court was Abuteeb Motanabby. | ||
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