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نقش منابع و کانالهای ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی در توانمندسازی زنان روستایی شهرستان دیواندره | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 4، شماره 2، تیر 1392، صفحه 365-384 اصل مقاله (437.61 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2013.35650 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسلم سواری* 1؛ نعمت اله شیری2؛ علی اسدی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| 3استاد گروه مدیریت و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف کلی این تحقیق بررسی نقش کانالهای ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی در توانمندسازی زنان روستایی است. جامعة آماری تحقیق کلیة زنان روستایی بالای پانزده سال شهرستان دیواندره (استان کردستان) بودند (N=17101). با استفاده از فرمول نمونهگیری کوکران 131 نفر از آنها انتخاب شدند. برای اعتبار بیشتر یافتهها 180 پرسشنامه با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای، با انتساب متناسب، توزیع و در نهایت 166 پرسشنامه تکمیل و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن را پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن را ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید کرد (7/0α>). تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها بهوسیلة نرمافزار SPSSwin18 انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنادار، در سطح 1 درصد، بین منابع و کانالهای ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی (محلی، ملی، بین‌المللی) با توانمندسازی زنان روستایی وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد منابع و کانالهای ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی (محلی، ملی، بین‌المللی) قادرند 2/53 درصد از تغییرات واریانس متغیر وابستة تحقیق را تبیین کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توانمندسازی؛ توسعة انسانی؛ شهرستان دیواندره؛ کانالهای ارتباطی و اطلاعاتی؛ منابع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Impact of Resources, Channels of Information and Communication on Empowerment of Rural Women in Diwandareh County | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Moslem Savari1؛ Nematollah Shiri2؛ Ali Asadi3 | ||
| 1Msc Student in Rural Development - Facuulty of Agriculture Economy and Development_ University of Tehran | ||
| 2Msc Student in Agriculture Training - Faculty of Agriculture Economy and Development- University of Tehran | ||
| 3Associate Professor in Department of Agriculture Management and Development - University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Rural women constitute about half of the world’s population and in the world production supply they have energetic communion and constitute a great part of agriculture workforce. They constitute50% of the workforce and participate in the production of half of the foods in the agriculture section. As an example the rural women constitute about 70 to 80% of agriculture workforce in sub-Saharan Africa, 65% in Asia, 45% in Latin American & Caribbean, 80% in Nigeria & Tunisia and 80% in India. However, their role in production is usually supplementary to men’s roles causing a big responsibility along with their mother & wife duties and it takes a great time and energy of them. Studies in this field show that women spend about two thirds of their time for production, management & organization of their house whereas men only spend one third of their time for such things. In developing countries, rural societies are usually in poverty for various reasons so that these societies become deprived of many human development programs. Every country intends to propose appropriate policies to tackle this critical problem. Poverty spreading in villages is a global issue. According to the FAO findings about 75% of poor people in the world that are more than 1 billion people are living in rural zones so that more than 70% of these people are women. The empowerment can be defined as an evolution and envelopment of activity through private organizations that guides empowerment in the society toward economic improvement. In addition, empowerment is a process through which people can do activities to conquest on development obstacles that enable them to assign their destiny. Methodology The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of resources and channels of information and communication on empowerment of rural women. The population of this study consists of all rural women above 15years in the Diwandareh county (Kurdistan Province) (N=17101). Using Cochran's sampling formula, 131 women are selected as the samples in this study. To enhance the reliability of findings, 180 questionnaires are distributed using proportionally the stratified random sampling method. Ultimately 166 questionnaires are completed, and then they are analyzed in the SPSS software. The instrument of the study is a questionnaire which its validity has been confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was established by calculating Chronbach's Alfa Coefficient (α> 0.7). Results Correlation analysis results show that resources and channels of information and communication (Local, National, and International) are significantly correlated with the empowerment of rural women (P < 0.01). Also, regression analysis shows that, 53.2 percent of changes in capabilities of rural women can be explained by resources and channels of information and communication. Rererences Ashraf, M. M., Hanisch, J., & Swatman, P. (2008). 9-12 April 2008. ICT Intervention and its Impact in Village Areas of a Developing Country. Paper presented at the IADIS International Conference e-Society 2008, Algarve, Portugal. Alsop, Mette Frost, Bertelsen Jeremy, Holland16031-IN, South Asia Environment and Social Unit.World Bank, Washington, DC. Ahmed, A., Islam, D., Hasan, A. R., & Rahman, N. J. (2006). Measuring Impact of ICT on Women in Bangladesh Retrieved, from http://iec.cugb.edu.cn/WorldComp2006/EEE4168.pdf. Agahi, H. (2005). The role of cooperatives in promoting the success of women in the development process. Selected Proceedings of the Conference on Cooperation, employment and development, University of yazd. Pp; 51-64.(In Frasi). Balan, A. (2003). Empowerment of rural women. UNFPA, journal of jihad, Vol, 261, Pp, 17-22.(In Frasi). Bagerhat., N. (2009). Map of Bagerhat.Retrieved December 21, from http://www.bagerhat.net/districtMap.php. Cecchini, Simone and Shah, talat. (2002). Information and Communication Technology As a Tool for Empowerment. World bank empowerment source book: tools and practice. Gangadharappa, H.V, Pramod, K.T.M, and Shiva, K.H.G. (2007). Gastric floating drug delivery systems: a review. Journal of Indian. Pharm. Ed. Res. 41, 295–305. Ghaysari, H. Shahvali, M. Rezaii moghadam, K. (2011). Psychological empowerment of rural production cooperatives members Fars. Journal of Rural Studies, Vol, 2, Pp: 1-20.(In Frasi). Hafkin Nancy and Taggart Nancy. (2001). Gender, Information Technology, and Developing Countries: An Analytic Study. Mitchell, M., & Gillis, B. (2007). Making Sense of the Relationship between ICT and Economic Development. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://cbdd.wsu.edu/media/pdf/presentations/MakingSenseoftheRelationshipbetweenICTandEconomicDevelopment.pdf. Jamshidi, M. Karami, A. (2004). Rural development outcomes for women. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education in Iran, Vol, 2(2), Pp, 62.(In Frasi). Kalantari, Kh. (2010). Analyzing Economic and social data processing software spss. Issued Landscape Design Consultants, Vol, 4, Pp: 78- 91 .(In Frasi). Koeing, A. M.; Saifuddin, A.; Bazle, H. and Mozumder, KH. (2003). Women’s Status and Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh Individual and Community Level Effects.Demography.Vol. 40, No. 2.pp,117-125. Lennine, J., (2002). Rural Women`s Empowerment in a Communication Technology Project: Some contradictory effects. Rural Society ,Vol, 12, No 3, pp 224-245. Marcelle, G. M., (2002). Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their Impact on and use as an Instrument for the Advancement and Empowerment of Women. Retrieved March 25, 2008, from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/ict2002/reports/Report-online.PDF. Malhotra, A., S. R. Schuler and C, Boender (2002). Measuring women's Empowerment as a variable in international development'' Gender and Development group' World Bank, Washington, DC. Nath Vikas (2001). Empowerment and Governance through Information and Communication Technologies: Women’s Perspective. Available online at http://www.idealibrary.com. Ranadive, J. D. (2005). Gender, power, and empowerment: an analysis of household and family dynamics. In D. Narayan (Ed.), Measuring Empowerment Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives (pp. 103-121). Washington DC: The World Bank. Sudweeks F., Hrachove H. c and C. Ess (eds). (2010). The Role of ICT in Women’s Empowerment in Rural Bangladesh, Murdoch University, Australia, 217-230. Sharma Usha (2003). Women Empowerment through Information Technology. Sabokbar, F. H. Khaki, A. Nemati, M . (2004). Assessing the role of ICT in empowering rural women: a case study of the village of gharn abad. Journal of Research - Association of Geography, Vol, 22, pp, 160-172. (In Frasi). UNPAN (2007). Connecting People in Rural Communities through ICT: Grameen Telecom Experience. Retrieved April 15, 2008, from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN022804.pd. World Bank (social capital web site) (2007). www. World bank.org/poverty/scapital (consulted November 2007). World Bank (2005). Empowerment in Practice From Analysis to Implementation. Ruth. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| channels of information and communication, Diwandareh county, Empowerment, Human Development, resources | ||
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