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جغرافیای فرا ملی اسلام و سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 45، شماره 4، دی 1392، صفحه 119-136 اصل مقاله (267.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2013.36139 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بهادر زارعی* 1؛ علی زینی وند2؛ منصور رضاعلی3 | ||
| 1استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکترای روابط بینالملل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات | ||
| 3دانشجوی دورۀ دکترای جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نظام فراملی جهان اسلام که مبتنی بر وحدت و یگانگی امت اسلامی است، بهطور اصولی با نظام سیاسی موجود ـ که بر اساس نظام سنتی وستفالیایی بنا شده ـ متفاوت است. به نظر میرسد ناسازگاری نظام عقیدتی اسلام با نظام وستفالیایی، در ابعاد زیر قابل بررسی است: اسلام به مرزهای عقیدتی و نادیدهانگاشتن اصل انشعاب ملی و نفی دولت ملی تأکید میورزد. تفاوت دیگر، اختلاف در منشأ قوانین سامانبخش و تنظیمکنندۀ مناسبات بین اقوام و گروهبندیهای انسانی است. در سطح سوم، نظام جهانی اسلام بهدنبال کنار گذاشتن تفرقهها و گوناگونیهای سیاسی، جغرافیایی، قومی، فرهنگی، نژادی و مانند آن، برای دستیافتن بهنوعی وحدت و در پناه آن، ایجاد یک قطب قدرت در چارچوب موازنۀ قواست؛ جهانگرایی با رویکرد قطب سوم که گسترۀ آن سرزمین و مردمان آسیا، آمریکای لاتین و آفریقا است. درنتیجه، این پژوهش تفاوتهای بین نظام فراملی اسلام و نظام دولت ـ ملت وستفالیایی را شناسایی و بر تمایز آنها تأکید کرده است. اهداف نظام فراملی اسلام، جهتگیری سیاست خارجی ویژهای را میطلبد و در جمهوری اسلامی ایران در شرایط کنونی، با وجود چالشهای اساسی با نظام جهانی حاکم، دستگاه دیپلماسی درپی تحقق و عملی ساختن مؤلفههای آن در عرصۀ بینالمللی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توجه به جهان سوم؛ سیاست خارجی؛ مرزهای عقیدتی؛ نظام فراملی اسلام؛ نظام وستفالیایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Geography of Transnational Islam and Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Bahodor Zaree1؛ Ali Zaynivand2؛ Mansour Rezaali3 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof., Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Ph.D. Candidate in of International Relations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University | ||
| 3Ph.D. Candidate in Geography & Urban Planning, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction According to the teachings of Islam, jurists and scholars are providing a global picture of the transnational system which is clearly different from the current political system evolved since the Westphalia treaty. The first feature of such a system is to ignore the national government and the states territory. Islam recognizes the ideological borders and a nation state based on ideas or principles that leads to mutual coherence and unity among Muslims. According to these intelligentsia, dispersion and scattering in Muslim world, is the result of the direct manipulation of the imperialist powers that divided it into diverse nation states. Therefore, the thinking trend towards the third world among major decision makers of Islamic republic of Iran and the efforts for uniting such various and scattered block are due to the religious insights of decision makers and the historical experience of imperial power in the Islamic world. The aim of this study is to compare two different political thoughts known as Islamic thought which believes in a nation-centered system and nationalism which is called Westphalian from which national state is generated. This study attempts to evaluate the following hypotheses: a. Due to the divergence of nationality, Islam pays attention to ideological boundaries, the principle of national divergence, and ignorance of national government. It rejects geographic and political diversity in the human communities (ethnic, cultural, racial) and tries to establish a unified community with a powerful center. b. the above mentioned components need a particular foreign policy for Iran or any Muslim country which pays attention to Muslims, oppressed countries and the third World countries. Methodology In the present study, we have tried to identify the differences between two approaches of transnational system of Islamic world and the Westphalian system. It was also attempted to investigate the reasons of relatively stable foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran resulted from such an approach. To do so, we have tried to make use of an integration of different Humanities subjects such as political science, international relations, international law and geopolitics to develop a clear framework to deal with contradictions of the national government with Islamic government. Therefore, the research method was descriptive-analytic using deduction at large scale. We have also tried to make extensive use of library information including Islamic sources, Islamic political thought, and political and International law resources. Results and Discussion With the exploration of historical data relating to the foreign relations of the past decade, we can find out that trends, decisions, actions, and foreign policiesof Iran in a dynamic and changing range has gone through different historical changes including thorough rejection of the foundations of Westphalian system and reconciliation and tolerance and acceptance of the existence of such a society and acting within the rules of the game. Accordingly, in the early stages of the revolution and the establishment of a new political system in Iran, maintaining the principles of international societies such as national government were ignored and the establishment of an ideal system controlled by global government of Islam was emphasized. In the second decade of the Islamic republic of Iran, while using some of the past experiences, developing relationships and partnerships with other governments, active participation in international institutions, utilizing of external resources, especially in technical and economic fields as vital factors, were emphasized. However, the transnational system of Islamic world at present is supported by Islamic republic of Iran and some of Muslim countries. It has components such as the trend towards establishing an Islamic block, attention to the third world countries, supporting the poor in the world and replacing Islamic international Law as a base for political behavior of Islamic governments. Conclusion It could be concluded that there is a clear difference between the two trends of transnational systems of Islam world (which is built on ideological principles) and national branching principle. Transnational system of Islam world ignores national government and territories of the other governments and instead recognizes ideological boundaries and divides the world into two blocks: Islam and Blasphemy. In contrast to this system we can findWestphalian system which is built upon geopolitical hierarchy. The most important feature of such system is the emergence, growth and development of the national governments which extends all around the world even the world of Islam. Political behavior and foreign relations of Islamic republic of Iran during the last three decades indicate the absolute rejection of Westphalian system. Thus, in the first decade of revolution, the maintaining principles of International system, including national governments, international institutions, the balance of power, the role of international forces were rejected and ignored. But in the second decade, while keeping some of the previous components, developing relations and cooperation with other states, active participation in international institutions, using external sources particularly technical and economic ones were highlighted as very necessary. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Attention to the Third World, Foreign Policy, Ideological Borders, The System of Transnational Islam, Westphalian System | ||
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