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ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی، ایمنی و محیط‌زیستی واحد هیدروکراکر شرکت پالایش نفت بندرعباس به روش EFMEA | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 39، شماره 4، اسفند 1392، صفحه 105-124 اصل مقاله (786.17 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2014.36465 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معصومه بندرجا* 1؛ سیدعلی جوزی2 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد مدیریت محیط‌زیست دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد بندرعباس | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بخش واکنش واحد هیدروکراکر در واحدهای پالایشگاهی دارای بالاترین فشار عملیاتی است لذا، بهره‌برداری در این فشار بسیار حساس است و ریسک نشتی را بالا می‌برد. هدف این تحقیق ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی، ایمنی و محیط‌زیستی واحد هیدروکراکر شرکت پالایش نفت بندرعباس است. برای شناسایی جنبههای زیست‌محیطی و ایمنی و بهداشتی از روش EFMEA استفاده شده است. دو فرم داخل و خارج از کشور با هم تلفیق شده‌اند و فرم واحد هیدروکراکر طراحی شده است. جنبه‌ها در زمان عادی و تعمیرات اساسی از فعالیت‌های واحد شناسایی و ارزیابی می‌شوند. بدین منظور 24 فعالیت در زمان عادی و 6 فعالیت در زمان تعمیرات اساسی بررسی شده است. شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی جنبه‌ها بر اساس تجربیات قبلی از حوادث به وقوع پیوسته و مشاهدات عینی صورت پذیرفته است. 291 جنبه در سه مرحله از چرخۀ حیات تولید، مصرف و دفع ضایعات شناسایی و ارزیابی شده‌اند که از این تعداد 119 جنبه با عدد اولویت ریسک بالاتر از درجۀ مخاطره‌پذیری بوده‌اند. درجۀ مخاطره‌پذیری برابر با عدد 113 و به روش توزیع فراوانی محاسبه شده است لذا، جنبه‌هایی که RPN بالاتر از درجۀ مخاطره‌پذیری داشته‌اند اولویت‌بندی و به‌منزلۀ فعالیت‌های بحرانی در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. سپس، 10 درصد از RPNهای اولویت‌بندی‌شده به سه دستۀ ریسک‌های خیلی بالا، بالا و متوسط تقسیم‌بندی و تجزیه و تحلیل شدند و برای آن‌ها اقدامات اصلاحی تعریف شد. نتایج نشان داد، بالاترین جنبه را ریسک زیست‌محیطی در زمان تعمیرات اساسی با RPN343 و مربوط به مصرف به خود اختصاص داده است. بیشترین ریسک‌های واحد مربوط به ریسک ایمنی و بهداشتی با تعداد 68 مورد نسبت به ریسک زیست‌محیطی برابر با 54 مورد است لذا، نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد واحد هیدروکراکر از سیستم کنترل ایمنی، بهداشتی و محیط‌زیستی نسبتاً بالایی برخوردار است، اما به علت عملکرد این واحد در فشار و دمای بالا انجام اقدامات اصلاحی و کنترلی قوی‌تر برای ارتقای ایمنی امری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ارزیابی ریسک؛ ایمنی بهداشتی؛ پالایشگاه بندرعباس؛ جنبههای زیست‌محیطی؛ ریسک؛ واحد هیدروکراکر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Health, Safety, and Environmental Risk Assessment for Hydrocracker Unit of Bandar Abbas in Refinement of Oil Company by EFMEA Method | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Masoomeh Bandarja1؛ Seyed Ali Jozi2 | ||
| 1Master of Environmental Management, Islamic Azad University Bandar Abbas Branch | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Environment, College of Engineering, Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Organizations try to have a safe and healthy work environment without any pollution and damages. Health Safety Environment (HSE) system is a tool for improving health, safety, and environmental conditions in all industrial and non-industrial development programs. The system uses all human and financial resources to provide people with a safe environment without any risk (Farshad et al., 2006). Hydrocracker unit in refinement of Oil Company of Bandar Abbas is an important refinement unit. Its activities may cause many environmental and hazardous problems. The purpose of this study is to assess the situation of health, safety, and environment by Environmental Failure Mood and Effect Analysis (EFMEA) to minimize the negative effects and provide a risk management program. Failure Mood Effect Analysis emerged for assessment of safety in systems is used to detect any possible defects in systems and subsystems based on quantitative analyses. This was modified in some ways into EFMEA as a qualitative method. The later is applied for production development with the purpose to characterize and prioritize environmental perspectives (Dahlstrom, 2006). In this study the method is used in a combination of two kinds of domestic and international forms to design the hydrocracker form. The perspectives of the unit activities are identified normal and repairing times. By a literature review on HSE this can be revealed that FMEA played an effective role in specification and measurement of performance indices. The researches indicated that EFMEA, in addition to finding accidental aspects, can reduce harmful environmental impacts (Jozi et al., 2006). After ISO9001 was effectively founded, the EFMEA and also FMEA were introduced as a method to detect possible environmental failures and evaluate the related risks (Jennings, 2008). Methodology In this study we have attempted to evaluate the aspects of the failures in normal, abnormal, and emergency situations with combination of two forms provided for Iran and international levels. EFMEA method is conducted by a variety of experts (Tingstrom, et al., 2006) and the entire unit, thus, is as statistical population for this study. The method is carried out in the following stages: identification of processes, potential failures as perspectives, consequences of the potential failures as the effects, severity in two magnitudes of environmental and health risks, situation including three states of normal, abnormal, and emergency, potential causes of failures, occurrence as the repetition of the failure by a cause, detection as precautious measures, ranking of resources consumption, raw material and energy, ranking of intensity of the effects or the amount of resource consumption, ranking of probability of occurrence and detection for resource consumption, determination of Risk Priority Number (RPN), recommended precautious measures based on RPN, and ranking of the perspectives in hydrocracker unit. Designed form of hydrocracker identifies environmental, safety, and health perspectives. For the identification the present situation is first recognized in safety and health perspectives. The analysis has been in two different stages: first the RPN was calculated with degree of hazardous using frequency distribution of data. Second, number of classes was then calculated. For this method the environmental perspectives have been entered in EFMEA form and the RPN calculated based on severity, probability of occurrence, and detection. After the degree ofh azard is obtained, the perspectives are ranked based on the RPN and those more than the hazard value are considered as critical activities. For the first stage the RPNs have been sorted descending. For hazard value has been calculated by frequency distribution that requires number and the length of classes. Results and discussions In the unit 24 activities have been investigated in normal times and 6 activities in repairing times. Recognition and ranking of the perspectives have been based on previous experiences of occurred events as well as objective observations. Up to 291 perspectives have been identified and evaluated in life cycle of production, consumption, and waste removal. From these about 119 perspectives has RPN more than hazard value. The risk value has been determined at 113. Thus, the perspectives more than this value are considered as critical activities. Then, 10 percent of the prioritized RPNs are categorized in three groups of risks as very high, high, and moderate. Some recommended advices have been suggested for these groups. In the EFMEA forms that have been designed in this research for this hydrocracker unit, the perspectives of safety and health risks have been identified and evaluated in addition to environmental perspectives. Therefore, this form improved the quantitative forms of Rezazadeh Niavarani (2004) and that of Lindahl (2000) and made it better for identification and evaluation of the research requirements. Conclusions From these results it can be concluded that the highest perspective has been the environmental risk in times of substantial repairing with RPN of 343 for consumption. The most quantities of risks are for health and security with 68 risks relative to those of environment with 54. Therefore, the results and discussions indicate that this hydrocracker unit has a relatively safe, healthy and environmental control system. But, because of the performance of the system in high pressure and high temperature condition, modification and control conditions seems necessary for promoting the security measures. The innovation of this study is that it improved the previous forms for a more competent application. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bandar Abbas Refinement, environmental perspectives, Health, Hydrocracker unit, risk assessment, Safety | ||
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