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بهرهبرداری از انرژی خورشیدی در مناطق روستایی(مطالعۀ موردی: دهستان عشقآباد، شهرستان نیشابور) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 46، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1393، صفحه 15-30 اصل مقاله (719.32 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2014.50591 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن افراخته* 1؛ فرشته احمدآبادی2؛ حسن احمدآبادی3 | ||
| 1استاد جغرافیا و برنامهﺭیزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ﺍرشد جغرافیا و برنامهﺭیزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی | ||
| 3دانشجوی کارشناسی ﺍرشد جغرافیا و برنامهﺭیزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از انرژیهای نو در مناطق روستایی، از ضرورتهای توسعۀ پایدار است. یکی از انرژیهای نو، انرژی خورشیدی است. بهتازگی در مناطق روستایی شهرستان نیشابور، استفاده از انرژی خورشیدی بهکمک آبگرمکن خورشیدی رواج یافته است. بررسی نقش دولت در گسترش نوآوری بهرهبرداری از انرژی خورشیدی و آثار گسترش آن، هدف اصلی این نوشتار است. مناطق مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش، روستاهای دهستان عشقآباد در شهرستان نیشابور هستند. بر اساس فرمول کوکران، سیصدوده خانوار بهطور تصادفی برای جامعۀ نمونۀ پژوهش انتخاب شدهاند. مشاهدۀ مستقیم، مصاحبه با مردم محلی و تکمیل پرسشنامه، اصلیترین روش جمعآوری اطلاعات بوده است. روایی پرسشنامه با نظر استادان دانشگاه، دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی و کارشناسان محلی مورد تأیید قرار گرفته و پایایی آن با روش آلفای کرونباخ (برابر با 81/0) بررسی شده است. دادههای جمعآوریشده با کمک آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (کروسکال والیس، رگرسیون و فریدمن) تحلیل و نتیجهگیری شدهاند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که دولت با حمایتهای مالی و ترویجی، نقش اصلی را در گسترش این فناوری داشته است، این امر منجر به بهبود شاخصهای توسعۀ ناحیه در قلمروی مورد مطالعه شده است. استفاده از آبگرمکنهای خورشیدی، صرفهجویی اقتصادی را درپی داشته و پس از نصب آن، بهمیزان زیادی در وقت افراد (حملونقل سوختهای فسیلی، مشکلات آبگرمکنهای نفتی، گازی و...) صرفهجویی شده است؛ همچنین شاخص بهداشتی (استحمام، مسواکزدن، شستوشو و نظافت) خانوارهای مورد مطالعه نیز، بهبود یافته است و درنهایت استفاده از آبگرمکن خورشید مورد رضایت اکثر خانوارها بوده است. بنابراین شناخت استعدادها و پتانسیلهای طبیعی و ذاتی هر منطقه برای دستیابی به توسعۀ پایدار مناطق روستایی، امری ضروری به نظر میرسد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| : آبگرمکن خورشیدی؛ انرژی خورشیدی؛ توسعۀ روستایی؛ دهستان عشقآباد؛ نقش دولت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Solar Energy Exploitation in Rural Areas(Case: Eshgh Abad District in Neyshabour County) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hassan Afrakhteh1؛ Fereshteh Ahmadabadi2؛ Hassan Ahmadabadi3 | ||
| 1Prof., Dep. of Geography & Rural Planning, University of Kharazmi | ||
| 2MA. Student in Geography & Rural Planning, University of Kharazmii | ||
| 3MA. Student in Geography & Rural Planning, Tehran University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The energy is the main power and the basic need of human being. Use of fossil fuel including coal, oil, and gas by the industry, transportation Vehicles, and heating housing and public places has led to environmental problems. Moreover, these resources are scarce and non renewable. The human being has been forced to search for using new sources and renewable energies including water, biomass, wind and solar energies. These are relatively cheap, renewable and have not environmental pollution. One of the devices which can use solar energy is solar water heater. Countries like China, Turkey, Japan, Greece, Austria and Spain have good and successful experiences from using solar water heater. United state, Italy, Canada, France and Netherland also uses solar water heater. China is the most important country that exports solar equipment around the word, and has many solar water heaters. Therefore, using solar energy is not only necessary, but inevitable in the future. In fact, the solar energy is the most useful energy in rural area. Because rural settlements are often dispersed, and need more transportation cost if uses fossil fuels. Using new energies in rural Area is the basic needs of sustainable development. One of the new energies is solar energy in recent years; exploitation of solar energy has been widespread in rural area of Neyshabour using solar water heaters. Considering the role of government on extension of this innovation and its developmental effects is the main aim of this paper. We will try to show the impact of government on installation of solar water heater and its consequences on rural areas. Methodology Study area of the research is Eshgh Abad District in Neshabour County. 310 households have been chosen randomly as research sample based on Cochran method. Direct observation, interview with local people and filling a questionnaire has been the main methods of data collection. Reliability of questionnaire has been considered by Cranach's Alpha (0.81). Validity of questionnaire has been confirmed with comments of academic members of university, higher education students and local experts. Collected data are analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics (Regression, Kruskal - Wallis & Friedman Tests). Results and Discussion Climatologically the area is suitable for using solar water heater in residential areas. Now, 21.9 percent of total households are benefited from solar water heater. The research indicates that the state has been the main factor of encouraging people to installation of solar water heater through three ways: a) Mortgage payments by Housing Foundation have been conditional to installation of solar water heater. In addition, 300000 tomans has been paid for solar water heater to the people by the housing foundation. b) The state has encouraged and institutionalized the use of solar water heater by the village dwellings. c) Extension of production and repairing services by the governments and business sector has been another reason for solar water heater initialization in the rural areas. The above mentioned claims have been confirmed by statistical test including Regression & Kruskal - Wallis Tests. Data analysis using Friedman nonparametric test show that there are positive relationship between using solar water heater and developmental indices. Use of solar water heater has led to economic saving, and this was important for 91.2 percent of households. Use of solar water heater has also saved the working time of villagers, because they don’t need to search for fuel energy or clean the gas or oil water heaters. Use of solar water heater has improved the health indicators such as bathing, brushing and grooming. All of these improvements would be take place while the villagers have used the low quality of solar water heater due to income limitation. Conclusion Results indicate that the government has played the main role in extension of this technology by financial and extension supports, this has led to improvement in developmental indices of the area. Using solar water heaters has resulted in economic saving. After the installation of solar water heaters instead of gas and oil one, a large amount of time (fuel energy materials transportation, cleaning problems of oil and gas water heater, etc.) has been saved, health indicators (bathing, brushing, washing and cleaning) of households have improved, and finally most households are satisfied from using solar water heaters. The research also depicted that regarding the conditions of Iran, it is possible to exploit natural potentiality of the region even with limited initiatives, and improve the life quality of people without any environmental problem. Therefore, it is necessary to understand inherent and natural potentiality of each region, including optimal use of solar energy in order to achieve sustainable development in rural areas. However, it is necessary thought that higher quality solar water heater can store energy for using in cold months. This needs both high technology and low price which could be in accordance with rural dwelling income. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Eshgh Abad District, role of government, Rural Development, Solar Energy, Solar Water Heater | ||
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