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بسترهای ژئوپلیتیکی قاچاق کالا و ارز با تأکید بر بازارچههای مرزی (مطالعۀ موردی: استان کرمانشاه) | ||
پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
مقاله 1، دوره 46، شماره 3، مهر 1393، صفحه 465-484 اصل مقاله (697.85 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2014.51253 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا پیشگاهی فرد* 1؛ محمّد باقر قالیباف2؛ محمد رئوف حیدری فر3؛ شهریار حیدری4 | ||
1دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
3استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
4دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدة جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
اقدامات تجاری پویا و بازارچههای مرزی، میتوانند نقش اساسی و بسیار مؤثری در ترقی و پیشرفت و همچنین، توسعۀ پایدارِ اقتصاد نواحی مرزی و بهبود استانداردهای زندگی مردم، کاهش فقر، توزیع مناسب درآمدها، ایجاد روابط دوستی و جلوگیری از مهاجرت و بهخصوص کاهش و حتی جلوگیری از جریان قاچاق کالا و ارز ایفا کنند. در بازارچههای مرزی کرمانشاه مبادلاتی زیادی انجام میگیرد. جریان قاچاق کالا و ارز در کنار سایر گونههای قاچاق، ازجمله فعالیتهای مافیایی است که مخاطرات انسانی و مشکلات بیشماری را در مقیاسهای گوناگون برای مکان و جوامع بهارمغان آورده است. این نوشتار درصدد است نقش بازارچههای مرزی کرمانشاه را درثبات اقتصادی و امنیتی مرتبط با جریان قاچاق در این استان، بهویژه در مناطق مرزی بررسی کند. سؤال اصلی پژوهش اینگونه مطرح شده است که آیا ایجاد بازارچهها، ثبات اقتصادی و امنیتیِ مناطق مرزی را بههمراه دارد و زمینۀ کاهش قاچاق را فراهم میآورد؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش، از روش پژوهش تحلیلی ـ توصیفی بهرهجویی شده است. جمعآوری اطلاعات و دادهها نیز میدانی (پرسشنامه) و کتابخانهای است، استفاده از نمودار و تحلیل دادهها، زمینۀ شکلگیری پاسخ نهایی و نتیجهگیری را فراهم آورده است. نتایج پژوهش بیان میکند که مجموعه عوامل ژئوپلیتیکی نامناسبی در مناطق مرزی وجود دارد که همانند بازارچههای مرزی، زمینۀ قاچاق کالا و ارز را فراهم کرده است. امنیت و ثبات اقتصادی نیز در این مناطق وجود ندارد و اغلب، سرمایهگذاری برای حل مشکل بیکاری درکانون توجه نیست. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
: امنیت؛ بازارچههای مرزی؛ ثبات اقتصادی؛ قاچاق؛ مبادلات مرزی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Geopolitical Foundations for Contraband of Goods and Currency Emphasizing on Border–Marketplaces, Case Study: Kermanshah Province | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Zahra PishgahiFard1؛ Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf2؛ Mohammad Raoof Heydari Far3؛ Shahriyar Heydari4 | ||
1Associate Prof. of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Associate Prof of Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Assistant Prof. of Geography, Payame-e-Noor University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
4PhD Candidate in Political Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Introduction Economic and trade exchange is one of the significant factors to establish friendly relationship among neighboring countries and also to provide means for livelihood of the local people in borderland. By this way, the people by supporting each other can contribute to stability and progress of economic and security using the available opportunities and sources. The dynamic trade actions and bazzarche (market) in border can effectively play a main role in progress and sustainable development and the economics of borderland. This can also help promote the quality of life, reduce poverty, support suitable distribution of incomes, establish friendship relations, and prevent emigration. There is a bulky exchange in the borderland Bazaarche in Kermanshah. This study is trying to examine the role and position of borderland Bazaarche in the economic stability and security in the province, particularly in the border areas. The main hypothesis of this study is that with establishing such Bazaarche, economic stability and security has been ensured to some extent. Considering the distribution of settlements and that of soil and water resources in border areas, and also the low population in rural areas, alongside the nature of relations among the people of the area and those in borders, the sagacious development of such areas and promotion of the life quality in frontier zones finds special economic, cultural and security importance. The instability in border population, in one hand, and the absence of space and regional balances between border villages in capital, on the other hand, they have profoundly affected development of such zones. Hence, the existing population masses of the border margins have been pushed in a socio-economic isolation. Nowadays, injustices like these beside the unofficial business network or contraband have made governments to cooperate with each other to clean their borders using modern methods. Methodology Applying an analytic-descriptive method, the effective role of border marketplaces on traffic flow and its geopolitical elements have been studied in this research. The data have been gathered via field and library researches and archived documentations. Results and Discussion Local people are not completely satisfied with security established by central government. However, a relative satisfaction on their local security is imaginable. Such imperfect acquiescence with life circumstances and the absence of exhaustive security lead to an economic instability. Since development and security have very close interrelations, comprehensive socio-economic development of frontiersmen seems being necessary to secure the border areas. The most important weaknesses which cause traffic flow on borders might be pointed out as following: Unemployment Border closure Negligence of government Decrease in the number of tourists Lack of attention to rural areas Rural economic weakness, compared with their neighboring cities Lack of security as a result of terrorist gangs, and Lack of foreign investments in the cities. Considering the ethnic and cultural ties between the people of the two countries, the ground of a free trade zone seems being provided, while existing homogenous masses can be helpful to decrease tensions in establishing such zones. Controlling policies of contraband in the region not only are not suitable but have also been operated in ways that have caused economic backwardness and unemployment. Conclusion Analyzing the results, it has been gotten that more employment and establishment of local marketplaces can lead to accumulation of stagnant and erratic moneys, guiding people toward trading, increasing security and limiting the smuggling process, economic stability and development of frontiers life style. Developing and securing the border rural regions of the province (Kermanshah) and economic investment on their local marketplaces can lessen both the differences between villages and cities and the size of their slices in welfare. Preventing the immigration of villagers to cities can also prepare substantially appropriate and secure economic, cultural, and sociological grounds. Since, as an accepted principle, the human factor has the main role in securing the society; villagers should be supported to return to the frontier zones boosting their local marketplaces. In other words, the border’s security and economic stability are not strictly depended on military aspects, but there are other economic, sociological and ideological aspects. These can play vital roles in the establishment of internal and international security and development. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
border exchanges, borderland bazaarche (market), Economic stability, security, smuggling | ||
مراجع | ||
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