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بررسی موانع و راهکارهای مناسب توسعة مشاغل خانگی روستایی شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 5، شماره 2، مرداد 1393، صفحه 283-310 اصل مقاله (309.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2014.52472 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معصومه تقی بیگی* 1؛ حسین آگهی2؛ علی اصغر میرک زاده3 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| 2دانشیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| 3استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| باتوجه به افزایش سریع و گستردة جمعیت، ازجمله جمعیت روستایی ایران، و ناتوانی بخش کشاورزی در اشتغال‌زایی کافی برای نیروی کار حجیم و فزایندة روستایی، توسعة اشتغال غیرکشاورزی به‌ویژه برای گروه‌های کم‌زمین یا فاقد زمین، اهمیت بسزایی دارد. یکی از کسب‌وکارهایی که در سال‌های اخیر درخصوص زنان روستایی به آن توجه شده، مشاغل خانگی است. در کشورهای جهان‌سوم درصد کمی از زنان روستایی در این زمینه مشغول به‌کار هستند و متأسفانه کار خانگی این عده نیز در قالب نهاد یا مؤسسة مشخصی تعریف نشده است. ازین‌رو، پژوهش کاربردی حاضر پژوهش حاضر، کاربردی با هدف بررسی راهکارهای مناسب توسعة مشاغل خانگی از دیدگاه زنان روستایی و کارشناسان است، که با روش توصیفی‌ـ پیمایشی در سال 1390 انجام شد. جامعة آماری این پژوهش شامل 15000 زن روستایی و 50 کارشناس صاحب‌نظر در زمینة مشاغل خانگی بود و حجم نمونه براساس جدول مورگان 375 نفر زن روستایی و 50 نفر کارشناس تعیین گردید. روش نمونه‌گیری در جامعة زنان به‌صورت طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب، و در جامعة کارشناسان سرشماری بود. روایی پرسشنامه با بهره‌گیری از نظر متخصصان و پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ برای هریک از موانع توسعة مشاغل خانگی شامل خانوادگی، فردی، اقتصادی، دولتی و شخصیتی به‌ترتیب 87/0، 88/0، 76/0، 89/0، 87/0 محاسبه شد، که نشان‌دهندة مناسب‌بودن ابزار پژوهش است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS نشان داد که مهم‌ترین موانع توسعة مشاغل خانگی از دید زنان به‌ترتیب موانع شخصیتی، فردی، اقتصادی، خانوادگی و دولتی است. از دید کارشناسان، مهم‌ترین این موانع به‌ترتیب موانع خانوادگی، فردی، شخصیتی، دولتی، و اقتصادی هستند. نتایج مطالعات همبستگی، ارتباط مثبت و معناداری را بین عضویت در تشکل‌ها، سطح تحصیلات زنان و توسعة مشاغل خانگی با احتمال خطای 01/0 نشان می‌دهند. بین سایر متغیرها ازقبیل سن زنان، وضعیت تأهل، داشتن یا نداشتن الگوی نقش، موفقیت یا عدم‌موفقیت الگوی نقش، داشتن تجربة شخصی در زمینة مشاغل خانگی و توسعة کسب‌وکارهای خانگی رابطة معناداری وجود ندارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اشتغال؛ راهکارها؛ زنان روستایی؛ مشاغل خانگی؛ موانع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Study of Barriers and Suitable Solution in Development of Rural Household Jobs from the Perspective of Rural Women and Expert in the City of West Islamabad | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Masoumeh Taghibaygi1؛ Hossian Agahi2؛ Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh3 | ||
| 1M.A., Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Extension and Rural Development Department, Razi University, Kermanshah | ||
| 2Associate Prof. and Member of Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Extension and Rural, Development Dep., Razi University, Kermanshah | ||
| 3Assistant Prof. and Member of Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Extension and Rural Development Dep., Razi University, Kermanshah | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Some visulizers believed that, home business opportunities, caused self employment, thought removing deficiency and fulfillment of local requirement in an Economic and remove difficulties for perdurable development. These jobs considered as Essential and vital Economic activities in developing countries and from making job opportunity and renovation in the field of products and services, lead to diversity and change ability in every countries society and Economy and combine with two specific characteristics include, low percapita cost and immediate yield could utilize as sufficient alternative to reduce unemployment and for youth, Accommodate point to start up individual jobs, because starting it up compare to other businesses, because of Diversity in products and services distribution or diversity implaces and moments of distribution, have lost of adherent and big number of governments tried to expand and start up it, among diversity of people specially women, because in recent world, intend to women role in economic and social development process in unavoidable able in each society and global arena, making job opportunity by furnishing employment for manpower specially women are the most essential program. Since proportion of villager population compare whole countries population are reduced in most of world countries in most developing countries, this rate is under 10 percent. Despite to subjects related to urbanism nature development in whole worlds, the main cause of this reduction is restriction the capacity of villager area productivity (specially in agricultural domains). By industrialization and scientific agriculture in countries villager production advantage, increases, consequently, it required less number manpower, that automatically it results unemployment and reduces in villagers income. Activate rural, could help, social security and reduce big number of disagree able. Even growth reverse Emigration in Iran. Consequently, in rural area on of basic employment strategies, movement toward nonagricultural industries specially house business. Accommodate field to active women and girls are available by house business. Because most deprived people are villagers if reducing program of poverty want to be successful, must focus on rural people. Discussion In one hand poverty has connection with sexuality and poverty is post rural one of yesterday. They are deprived from all facilities, to improve mending situation from quality and quantity. These rural female help in families subsistence, because in most cases, husband income couldn't support life expenses and farming and retiary income which has been done by rural women, sometimes are more than their husbands. Accordingly, we should certainly planning manpower in Agriculture field specifically rural women and female, in this case because businesses have high situation, because this jobs have high information to our culture and based on different reason, such as historical background of master- trainee activities, women high portion in national economy and enhancing of production in this group of society it seems that advocating this jobs could considerably impressionable and expanding this job opportunities in rural area because of presence and social relation and high cooperation attempt, responsibility, obligation and engagement to progression in rural people, could be more successful from urban area. Conclusion These type of businesses have significant role in wealth and economic growth and development of community’s social capital. There fore the purpose of this applied research was to investigate rural women and expert's views on barriers and suitable solution of developing household jobs with descriptive survey methodology in 2011. Statistical population was 15000 rural women and 50 experts of rural household jobs. Sampling method was proportional stratified random sample and based on Morgan (n=375) rural women were selected and 50 expert selected based on case study. Validity of the instrument were measured (face validity) by a panel of expert, and reliability were measured by Cranach's alpha coefficient for each the obstacles to development of household jobs such as: family, personal, economic, governmental and personality. Calculated respectively (0.87, 0.89, 0.76, 0.88, 0.87), which indicates the suitability of the instrument. Data analysis constructed by (SPSS) software showed that the most important barriers to the development of household jobs from the perspective of rural woman were: personal barriers, interpersonal, economical, family and governmental barriers, and from the experts’ view the barriers were respectively: family, individual, personal, governmental and economical barriers. The correlation study showed positive and significant relationship between membership in the organization and development of household jobs, level of women education with an error probability of .01, and significant relationship between families, personal, economic, governmental, personality and development of household jobs with an error probability of 0.1. While there were no significant correlation between age & marital status, having or not having a role model, success or failure of role mole. Having personal experience in the field of household jobs and development of household jobs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| home jobs, Barriers, solutions, Rural women's, employment | ||
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