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امنیت غذایی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در جامعة روستایی شهرستان دیواندره | ||
| پژوهش های روستائی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 5، شماره 2، مرداد 1393، صفحه 311-332 اصل مقاله (289.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2014.52473 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسلم سواری* 1؛ حسین شعبانعلی فمی2؛ ژیلا دانشور عامری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه مدیریت و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه مدیریت و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دسترسی به غذای کافی و مطلوب و سلامت تغذیه‌ای از محورهای اصلی توسعه و زیربنای پرورش نسل آیندة کشور قلمداد میشود. در دهههای اخیر با برجسته‌شدن مفهوم توسعة انسانی موضوع تغذیه ابعاد تازهای به خود گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف کلی تحلیل وضعیت امنیت غذایی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در جامعة روستایی شهرستان دیواندره انجام شد. جامعة آماری پژوهش شامل کلیة زنان متأهل روستایی شهرستان دیواندره بود (N=15421). با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 213 نفر به‌روش طبقهبندی تصادفی برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن را جمعی از متخصصان امنیت غذایی و اعضای هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت و توسعة کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، و پایایی آن را ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی تأیید کرد. نتایج پژوهش نشان‌دهندة وضعیت نامناسب امنیت غذایی و گروههای غذایی در خانوارهای روستایی مطالعه‌شده بود. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین درآمد خانوار، تعداد شاغلان خانوار، فاصلة محل سکونت تا شهر، بعد خانوار، مقدار زمین زراعی و باغی درتملک خانواده و تحصیلات مادر خانواده (مسئول تغذیه) با امنیت غذایی خانوار رابطة معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که سه متغیر درآمد خانوار، تحصیلات مادر و نظام تولیدی مختلط می‌توانند تا 1/62 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابستة تحقیق (امنیت غذایی) خانوار را تبیین کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| امنیت غذایی؛ زنان روستایی؛ شهرستان دیواندره؛ گروههای غذایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis Situation Food Security and Factors Affecting Thereon in the Rural Society City of Divandarreh | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Moslem Savari1؛ Hoseyn Shabanali Fami2؛ Zhila Daneshvar Ameri3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate in Extension Agriculture, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Associated Prof. in Management and Extension Agriculture, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof. in Management and Extension Agriculture, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Food insecurity has been and still is an important concern for many nations around the world. In fact, ameliorating food insecurity and hunger is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals, which has been adopted by 189 States in September 2000 Millions of dollars have been dispersed by governments, donors, international aid agencies, and multi-lateral development bodies in the developing countries including Ethiopia to address the problem of food insecurity and hunger. Despite the many programs and projects on food security, there are still millions of food insecure people around the world with many of them living in developing countries particularly in Africa. Cycles of food insecurity were common in India prior to the green revolution era in the 1970s. The revolution laid the foundation for food security in India through dramatic increases in food production. Reducing food insecurity continues to be a major public policy challenge in developing countries. Methodology Access to adequate food and nutrition and optimal health has been the main axes of development also is considered as grounds of the country's future generation. Because in the recent decades the issue of nutritional has been dimension, with the increasing population and the need for further expansion of communities due to human food supply has different approaches for the experts and scientists solve this problem. Without doubt, among the priorities of each country's development goals, achieving food security is great importance. Therefore, investigation of factors that impact on food security is of particular importance. Analysis Situation food security and factors affecting Thereon in the rural Society city Divandarreh. The statistical population of this research was consisted of all Married women in case study (N=15421). Using Cochran's sampling formula, 213 women were selected as a sample (n=213). The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of food security experts and faculty members of department management and agricultural development in university of Tehran and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSSWin18 and LISREL8.54 software in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate improper food security and nutritional status among rural households. Correlation analysis results shown that Food security significantly correlated with the Household income, member of family, number of employed household, Location Distance to city, amount of agricultural and horticultural land and Education of mother, Results of the regression analysis showed that three variables consisting Household income, Education of mother and Combined production system were explaining 62.1 percent of dependent variable (Food Security) variances changes. Results Almost 1 billion people worldwide are undernourished, many more suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, and the absolute numbers tend to increase further, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa Recent food price hikes have contributed to greater public awareness of hunger related problems, also resulting in new international commitments invest in developing country agriculture Obviously, agricultural development is crucial for reducing hunger and poverty in rural areas, but nonagricultural growth can be important as well Specifically for African countries, with strong population growth and increasingly limited agricultural resources, the potential role of the rural off-farm sector deserves particular consideration. Smallholder farm households usually maintain a portfolio of income sources, with off-farm income being a major component but often a clear policy strategy to promote the off-farm sector is lacking. In the available literature, considerable attention has been given to the poverty implications of off-farm income in developing countries Nutrition impacts might be positive, because off-farm income contributes to higher household income and therefore better access to food. But the impacts might also be negative, at least when controlling for total household income, as working off the farm could potentially reduce household food availability due to the competition for family labor between farm and off-farm work. The success of the green revolution technologies during the 1970s and 1980s is attributed to a technology model together with adoption of concurrent micro and macro-economics models. The micro or farm economics governed the use of inputs such as land, cultivars, labor, machinery, and chemicals, balanced against profits from crop yields. The macro-economics ensured better prices to farmers and access to inputs and markets. In addition to rising demand for food resulting from increasing population and economic growth, increased risks of food insecurity are foreseen from: an estimated rising global energy demand of 50% to 2030. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Food security, Food Groups, Rural Woman, City of Divandarreh | ||
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