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بررسی روند تغییرات مکانی غلظت رسوب در طول دامنه | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 67، شماره 4، بهمن 1393، صفحه 587-601 اصل مقاله (843.64 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2015.53476 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی گلکاریان* 1؛ حسن احمدی2؛ علی سلاجقه3؛ محمد جعفری4؛ علی شهبازی5 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2هیات علمی بازنشسته دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3عضو هیات علمی دانشکده منابع طبیهی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4عضو هیات علمی دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 5دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل تخریب خاک و کاهش حاصل‌خیزی است. از آنجایی که طول دامنه یکی از فاکتورهای مؤثر در شکل زمین و، درنتیجه، در میزان فرسایش است، در این تحقیق سعی شد تغییرات مکانی غلظت رسوب در طول دامنه تا رسیدن به ظرفیت حمل بررسی شود. بدین منظور، یک سیستم شبیه‌ساز دامنه طراحی و ساخته شد. این سیستم شامل ده فلوم پنج‌متری است که با سری‌کردن آن‌ها دامنه‌ای پنجاه‌متری ایجاد می‌شود. در این سیستم، به کمک پنجاه لولة آبده، که به فواصل یک‌متری بر روی فلوم‌ها نصب شده و آبدهی هر یک 100 میلی‌لیتر است، جریان تجمعی ایجاد می‌شود. متغیرهای دیگر شامل دو نوع خاک است: یکی با بستر مارنی و دیگری با بستر کنگلومرایی از منطقة طالقان، و شیب در سه سطح 15، 5/22، و 30 درصد است. برای هر تیمار سه تکرار و در مجموع 18 بار آزمایش انجام گرفت. در هر آزمایش، از انتهای هر فلوم چهار نمونه گرفته شد و غلظت آن تعیین گردید. سپس، داده‌ها به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح‌های کاملاً تصادفی تجزیه و تحلیل آماری شد. همچنین، برای برازش یک منحنی مناسب بر داده‌های مشاهده‌ای از تابع ریچارد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان‌دهندة معنی‌دارنبودن خاک‌ها و معنی‌دارشدن شیب و طول دامنه در غلظت رسوب است. از طرف دیگر، قرارگرفتن غلظت رسوب دو فلوم آخر در یک کلاس نمایانگر نزدیک‌شدن غلظت رسوب به ظرفیت حمل در این طول است. همچنین، از نتایج به‌دست‌آمده این‌گونه استنباط می‌شود که مدل ریچارد به‌خوبی می‌تواند روند تغییرات غلظت در طول دامنه را شبیه‌سازی نماید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| طول دامنه؛ ظرفیت حمل؛ غلظت رسوب؛ فرسایش | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of slope length on spatially variation of concentration | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Golkarian1؛ | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Erosion is one of the important factors in soil degradation and decrease fertility and slope length is one of the most effective factors in land form and amount of erosion. The objective of this study was investigation of spatially variation of sediment concentration in slope length until to receive transport capacity. To obtain this goal a hill slope simulator system designed and manufactured. This system include 10 flumes, each has five meter length which after series them become fifty meters. This system can produce cumulative flow via fifty watering can tube which are install on flumes with one meter interval and each flume discharging is 100 cc. Other variables include two type of soil and slope in three level 15, 22.5, 30 percent. Three replications were used for each treatment and totally 18 experiment was done. In each experiment four samples were gathered from end of each flume and concentration was determined. Complete randomized design with factorial arrangement was used for data analyzing. Richard’s function was used for fitting a suitable curve on observed data. Result was shown that effect of soil type on sediment concentration was not significant while slope and slope length effects was significant. Otherwise sediment concentration in the two last flumes was located in same class which is shown that sediment concentration achieved to transport capacity in this slope length. Also results were shown that Richard’s function can simulate trend of concentration variety in slope length. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| erosion, Sediment concentration, Slope length, Transport capacity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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