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کنترل بیولوژیک نماتدMeloidogyne javanica توسط دو عامل آنتاگونیست Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, Trichoderm harzianum BI در گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 3، شماره 2، مهر 1393، صفحه 117-126 اصل مقاله (450.44 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2014.53672 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه مختاری* 1؛ نوازاله صاحبانی2؛ حسن رضا اعتباریان3 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد (مربی)، دانشگاه خلیج فارس | ||
| 2دانشیار، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استادیار، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| نماتدهای مولد گره ریشه (.Meloidogyne spp) از مهم‌ترین نماتدهای پارازیت گیاهی می‌باشند که باعث ایجاد خسارت روی اکثر گونه‌های گیاهی می‌شود. در این تحقیق به بررسی اثر دو عامل آنتاگونیستی Trichoderma harzianum BI وPseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 در کنترل بیولوژیک نماتد مولد گره ریشه و بررسی تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و پلی‌فنل اکسیداز در طی پدیده القای مقاومت پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از این قارچ و باکتری به طور تلفیقی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار در فاکتورهای بیماریزایی نماتد نسبت به تیمار باکتری تنها و شاهد (نماتد) گردید. اما این تیمار تلفیقی با تیمار قارچ تنها در کلیه فاکتورها تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد. نتایج بررسی فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در ریشه گیاه در تیمارهای مشابه نشان داد که تغییرات فعالیت این آنزیم از روز اول افزایش نشان داد و در روز چهارم به اوج خود رسید و سرانجام در روزهای بعد فعالیت این آنزیم کاهش پیدا کرد بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز مربوط به تیمار قارچ +باکتری بود که تفاوت معنی‌داری با فعالیت آنزیم در تیمار باکتری نداشت. همچنین در بررسی فعالیت آنزیم پلی‌فنل اکسیداز مشاهده شد که اوج فعالیت این آنزیم در تیمار قارچ+باکتری طی روز پنجم بعد از مایه‌کوبی نماتد بود که دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری با بقیه تیمارها بود. بنابراین هر دو عامل قادر به القا آنزیم دفاعی پراکسیداز و پلی‌فنل اکسیداز به طور سیستمیک در کل گیاه از جمله ریشه شده و بدین طریق مانع از فعالیت نماتد مولد گره ریشه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نماتد مولد گره ریشه؛ Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0؛ Trichoderma harzianum BI؛ القای مقاومت سیستمیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and Trichoderma harzianum BI in Tomato | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Mokhtari1؛ Navaz-o-lah Sahebani2؛ Hassan Reza Etebarian3 | ||
| 1Former Graduate Student, Associate Professor and Professor, University College of Abureihan, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Former Graduate Student, Associate Professor and Professor, University College of Abureihan, University of Tehran | ||
| 3Former Graduate Student, Associate Professor and Professor, University College of Abureihan, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most important groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, causing damage and yield losses to most cultivated plants. The bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum BI were investigated for biological control capability and systemic induction of resistance against the nematode M. javanica under glasshouse conditions. Furthermore changes of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in tomato were evaluated. In glasshouse tests, the results showed that tomato plants inoculated with both T. harzianum BI and P. fluorescens CHA0, nematode pathological indexes significantly decreased compared to P. fluorescens CHA0 inoculated as the sole biological agent and control (nematode), but there was no significant difference with T. harzianum BI inoculated plants. Results showed that the POX activity was started at the first day after nematode inoculation and reached to maximum level after the fourth day and then were decreased, There was no significantly different between T. harzianum BI and P. fluorescens CHA0 inoculated plant in comparison to P. fluorescens CHA0 inoculated plant alone. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity reached to maximum level after five day in T. harzianum BI and P. fluorescens CHA0 inoculated plants. There was significant difference between treatments. So the both antagonists can induce plant defense mechanisms such as POX and PPO in tomato plant against nematode infection. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, Trichoderma harzianum BI, ISR, root-knot nematode | ||
| مراجع | ||
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