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تولید آمفی پلوئیدهای مصنوعی از تلاقی برخی ارقام گندم نان با آجیلوپس‌تریانسیالیس (.Aegilops triuncialis L) | ||
| به نژادی گیاهان زراعی و باغی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 2، شماره 2، مهر 1393، صفحه 227-240 اصل مقاله (1011.57 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ندا فتحی1؛ قادر میرزاقادری* 2؛ هدیه بدخشان2؛ علی اکبر مظفری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج‌ـ ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج‌ـ ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج‌ـ ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آجیلوپس تریانسیالیس (2n=4x=28; CtCtUtUt) یکی از گونههای تتراپلوئید جنس آجیلوپس و از منابع باارزش ژنهای مقاومت به تنشهای زیستی و غیرزیستی است. در این پژوهش، ارقام گندم نان (2n=6x=42; AABBDD) ’امید‘، ’نوید‘، ’زرین‘، ’پیشگام‘ و ’MV-17‘ با گونۀ آجیلوپس تریانسیالیس تلاقی داده شد و هیبریدهای F1 و F2 (حاصل از خودباروری F1) بررسی سیتوژنتیکی و مورفولوژیکی شدند. تفاوت معناداری بین تلاقیپذیری ارقام مختلف گندم (با میانگین تلاقیپذیری 24/46 درصد) مشاهده شد. هیبریدهای F1 طبق انتظار 35 کروموزوم (n=5x=35; ABDUtCt) داشتند. فراوانی تشکیل بذرهای F2 حدود 54/3 درصد در گلچه بود. تعداد کروموزومها در نمونهای از بذرهای F2 از 40 تا 70 متغیر بود، بنابراین در بین آن‌ها آمفیپلوئید (2n=10x=70; AABBDDUtUtCtCt) خود‌به‌خودی مشاهده شد. همچنین القای پلیپلوئیدی با کلشیسین موفقیتآمیز بود و یکی از بذرهای F1 تیمار‌شده بذرهای 70 کروموزومی تولید کرد. در بررسی متافاز I میوزی در هیبریدهای F1 به‌طور متوسط تعداد 21 یونی‌والنت و 7 بیوالنت مشاهده شد. از نظر رسیدگی هیبریدهای نسل اول 30 روز دیررستر از والدین خود بودند. فراوانی بذرهای BC1F1 حاصل از تلاقی برگشتی هیبریدهای نسل اول (♀) با والد گندم (♂)، نسبت به بذرهای F2 کمتر و حدود 27/1 درصد بود. در این پژوهش، آمفیپلوئیدهای مصنوعی خود‌به‌خودی و القایی از تلاقی ارقام گندم نان با آجیلوپس تریانسیالیس بهدست آمد که میتواند به‌منزلۀ پلی در برنامههای بهنژادی گندم به کار رود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آمفیپلوئید؛ پلیپلوئیدی؛ تکامل؛ هیبریداسیون بینگونهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Synthetic amphiploid production from the crosses between some bread wheat cultivars and Aegilops triuncialis L | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Neda Fathi1؛ Ghader Mirzaghaderi2؛ Hediyeh Badakhshan2؛ Ali Akbar Mozafari3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n=4x=28; CtCtUtUt) is one of the tetraploid Aegilops species harboring valuable genes for resistance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study the bread wheat cultivars MV17, Navid, Omid, Pishgam, Zarin were crossed with an accession of Ae. triuncialis and the resulted F1 and F2 (obtained by the selfing of F1 plants) hybrids studied using the conventional cytogenetic methods. The crossability (seed set per pollinated floret) of whet cultivars was significantly different with an average of 46.24 percent. Chromosome counting confirmed the presence of 35 (n=5x=35; ABDUtCt) chromosomes in a sample of F1 seeds. The mean frequency of F2 seeds (per floret) was 3.54 percent. The F2 seeds fell in two distinct classes of shrank and smooth seeds. Chromosome counting in root tip cells revealed 40-70 chromosomes in a sample of F2 seeds, indicating the ocurance spontaneous amphiploid (2n=10x=70; AABBDDUtUtCtCt) formation in F2 generation. Induced polyploidy using colchicine was also successful in one of the treated F1 seeds, producing 70 chromosome seeds. Study of the metaphase I of the meiosis in F1 hybrids on average revealed 7 rod bivalents and 21 univalents in each Pollen Mother Cell (PMC). F1 seeds generally matured 30 days later than that of their wheat parents. The frequency of BC1F1 seeds resulting from crossing of F1 with the wheat parent was about 1.27 percent which was lower than F2 seed frequency. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Amphiploid, Polyploid, evolution, interspecific hybridization | ||
| مراجع | ||
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