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تاثیر اسانس گیاه سیر، مانکوزب و متالاکسیل- مانکوزب روی سه گونه قارچ فیتوفتورا،عوامل بوته میری گیاهان | ||
| کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 4، شماره 1، فروردین 1394، صفحه 47-56 اصل مقاله (387.1 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2015.54876 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| وحید فرهنگ1؛ جهانشیر امینی* 2؛ تیمور جوادی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدةکشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدةکشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| 3استادیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکدةکشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این تحقیق تأثیرات ضد قارچی اسانس گیاه سیر و دو قارچ‌کش متالاکسیل ـ مانکوزب و مانکوزب علیه سه گونة Phytophthora capsici، P. drechsleri و P. melonis عوامل بوته‌میری گیاهان فلفل، خیار و طالبی در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه ارزیابی شد. تأثیر اسانس سیر و قارچ‌کش‌ها روی کاهش رشد پرگنة قارچ بیمارگر به روش اختلاط با محیط کشت محاسبه و میزان EC50 اسانس سیر روی گونه‌های فیتوفتورا نیز اندازه‌گیری شد. شناسایی ترکیبات تشکیل‌دهندة اسانس سیر نیز با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی با طیف‌سنجی جرمی (GC-MS) انجام شد. نتایج آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که اسانس سیر خاصیت قارچ‌ایستایی و تأثیر چشمگیری روی کاهش رشد پرگنة گونه‌های فیتوفتورا دارد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان بازدارندگی رشد ناشی از اسانس سیر به‌ترتیب متعلق به P. capsici و P. drechsleri بود. نتایج گلخانه‌‌ای هم نشان داد که اسانس سیر به‌طور چشمگیری باعث کاهش شدت بیماری بوته‌میری (5/81-7/73 درصد) در مقایسه با شاهد شد، به‌طوری که، تأثیرات آن از لحاظ آماری بیشتر از قارچ‌کش مانکوزب (4/68ـ5/60 درصد) و کمتر از قارچ‌کش متالاکسیل ـ مانکوزب (1/92ـ2/84 درصد) روی کاهش بیماری بود. تعداد 25 ترکیب شیمیایی از اسانس سیر جداسازی و شناسایی شد که در بین آن‌ها Diallyl tetra sulfide (32/31 درصد)، Allyl disulfide (78/26 درصد)، Nitrosothymol (64/8 درصد)، 1H-1,2,4-Triazole, 3-thiol-5-methyl (40/8 درصد) وAllylsulphide (15/6 درصد) به‌ترتیب بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که اسانس سیر توانایی لازم برای کنترل بیماری بوته‌میری گیاهان را به‌عنوان قارچ‌کش در تولید محصولات ارگانیک دارد و نیاز است که تحقیقات بیشتری دربارة آن انجام شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اسانس سیر؛ بوته‌میری؛ فیتوفتورا؛ مانکوزب؛ متالاکسیل ـ مانکوزب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of garlic essential oil plants, Mancozeb and Metalaxyl-Mancozeb on damping-off diseases caused by Phytophthoraspp. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Vahid Farhang1؛ Jahanshir Amini2؛ Tamoure Javadi3 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor Dep Horticulture, Agricultural faculty, University of Kurdistan | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum L.) and two fungicides including Metalaxyl- Mancozeb and Mancozeb against Phytophthora melonis, P. drechsleri and P. capsici the causal agent of damping- off on Pepper, Melon and Cucumber, in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Fungal radial growth for each concentration of garlic oil on Phytophthora species was measured. The Median Effective Concentration (EC50) values (ppm) of garlic oil measured. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results of in vitro studies indicated that plant extract of garlic caused a significant decrease in the mycelial growth of phytophthora species and it had Fungistatic properties. The inhibitory effect of plant essential oil was observed for P. capsici (EC50 = 43.293 ppm) and P. drechsleri (EC50 = 50.236 ppm), respectively. The profile of the extract components of Allium sativum showed that Diallyl tetra sulphide (31.32%), Allyl disulphide (26.78%), Nitrosothymol (8.64%), 1H-1,2,4-Triazole, 3-thiol-5-methyl (8.4%) and Allyl sulphide (6.15%) were the main compounds. The results of greenhouse showed that plant essential oil significantly reduced disease compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). Based on results from this research, the garlic essential oil was found to be fungistatic effect against damping –off diseae and may be used in the production of organically grown vegetables. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Garlic essential oils, Damping-off, Phytophthora, Mancozeb, Metalaxyl-Mancozeb | ||
| مراجع | ||
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