Effect of thyme, garlic and caraway herbal extracts on blood parameters, productivity, egg quality, hatchability and intestinal bacterial population of laying Japanese quail

Adler, A. J., Holub, B. J. (1997) Effect of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 65: 445-450.

Al-Kassi, G.A. (2010) Effect of feeding cumin (Cuminum cyminum) on the performance and some blood traits of broiler chicks. Pak J Nutr. 9: 72-75.

Amagase, H., Petesch, B.L., Matsuura, H., Kasuga, S., Itakura, Y. (2001) Intake of garlic and it’s bioactive components. J Nutr. 131: 955-962.

Awad, W.A., Ghareeb, K., Abdel-Raheem, S., Bohm, J. (2009) Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 88: 49-55.

Berthold, H.K., Sudhop, T., Von Bergmann, K. (1998) Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 279: 1900-1902.

Botsoglou, N.A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D.J., Spais, A.B. (2002) Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br Poult Sci. 43: 223-230.

Case, G.L., He, L., Mo, H., Elson, C.E. (1995) Induction of geranyl pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol suppressive isoprenoids. Lipids. 30: 357-359.

Cross, D.E., McDevitt, R.M., Hillman, K., Acamovic, T. (2007) The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. Br Poult Sci. 48: 496-506.

Crowell, P.L. (1999) Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. J Nutr. 129: 775-778.

Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G. (2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol. 88: 308-316.

Er, D., Wang, Z., Cao, J., Chen, Y. (2007) Effect of monochromatic light on the egg quality of laying hens. J Appl Poult Res. 16: 605-612.

Fitch, M.E., Mangels, A.R., Altmann, W.A., El Hawary, M., Qureshi, A.A., Elson, C.E. (1989) Microbiological screening of mevalonate-suppressive minor plant constituents. J Agric Food Chem. 37: 687-691.

Gachkar, L., Yadegari, D., Rezaei, M.B., Taghizadeh, M., Astaneh, S.A., Rasooli, I. (2007) Chemical and biological characteristics of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils. Food Chem. 102: 898-904.

Gholipoor, V., Shahryar, H.A., Ebrahimnezhad, Y. (2013) Effects of Oregano and Thyme on hatchability of stored eggs of Japanese quail. Adv Biores. 4: 85-88.

Hammer, K.A., Carson, C.F., Riley, T.V. (1999) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol. 86: 985-990.

Helander, I.M., Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, T., Pol, I., Smid, E.J., Gorris, L.G.M., Von Wright, A. (1998) Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on Gram-negative bacteria. J Agric Food Chem. 46: 3590-3595.

Isaacsohn, J.L., Moser, M., Stein, E.A., Dudley, K., Davey, A., Liskov, E., Black, H.R. (1998) Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: A multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 158: 1189-1194.

Kamel, C., Garnsworthy, P.C., Wiseman, J. (2001) Tracing modes of action and the roles of plant extracts in non-ruminants. Recent Adv Anim Nutr. 2001: 135-150.

Khajeali, Y., Kheiri, F., Rahimian, Y., Faghani, M. (2013) Effect of use different levels of Caraway (Carum carvi L) Powder on Performance, some blood parameters and intestinal morphology on broiler chicks. World Appl Sci J. 19: 1202-1207.

Khan, S.H., Hasan, S., Sardar, R., Anjum, M. A. (2008) Effects of dietary garlic powder on cholesterol concentration in Native Desi laying hens. Am J Food Technol. 3: 207-213.

Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Beynen, A.C. (2004) Essential oils in broiler nutrition. Int J Poult Sci. 3: 738-752.

Liu, L., Yeh, Y.Y. (2000) In hibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by organosulfur compounds derived from garlic. Lipids. 35: 197-203.

Losa, R. (2001) The use of essential oils in animal nutrition. Cahiers OM. 54: 39-44.

Middleton, B., Kok-Pheng, H. (1982) Inhibition of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and in vivo rates of lipogenesis by a mixture of pure cyclic monoterpenes. Biochem Pharmacol. 31: 2897-2901.

Mitsch, P., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Köhler, B., Gabler, C., Losa, R., Zimpernik, I. (2004) The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 83: 669-675.

Mottaghitalab, M., Taraz, Z. (2002) Effects of garlic powder (Allium sativum) on egg yolk and blood serum cholesterol in Aryan breed laying hens. Br Poult Sci. 43: 42-43.

Nelson, R.R. (1997) In vitro activities of five plant essential oils against methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 40: 305-306.

Papageorgiou, G., Botsoglou, N., Govaris, A., Giannenas, I., Iliadis, S., Botsoglou, E. (2003) Effect of dietary oregano oil and α‐tocopheryl acetate supplementation on iron‐induced lipid oxidation of turkey breast, thigh, liver and heart tissues. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 87: 324-335.

Pasin, G., Smith, G.M.O., Mahony, M.O. (1998) Rapid determination of totalcholestrol in egg  yolk using commercial diagnostic cholesterol reagent. Food Chem. 61: 255- 259.

Reddy, R.V., Lightsey, S.F., Maurice, D.V. (1991) Effect of feeding garlic oil on performance and egg yolk cholesterol concentration. Poult Sci. 70: 2006-2009.

Silagy, C., Neil, A. (1994) Garlic as a lipid lowering agent. A meta-analysis. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 28: 39-45.

Sklan, D., Berner, Y.N., Rabinowitch, H.D. (1992) The effect of dietary onion and garlic on hepatic lipid concentrations and activity of antioxidative enzymes in chicks. J Nutr Biochem. 3: 322-325.

Van Den Brand, H., Parmentier, H.K., Kemp, B. (2004) Effects of housing system (outdoor vs. cages) and age of laying hens on egg characteristics. Br Poult Sci. 45: 745-752.

Warshafsky, S., Kamer, R.S., Sivak, S.L. (1993) Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 119: 599-605.

Yalçın, S., Onbaşılar, E. E., Reisli, Z., Yalcın, S. (2006) Effect of garlic powder on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric. 86: 1336-1339.

Youn, H.J., Noh, J.W. (2001) Screening of the anticoccidial effects of herb extracts against Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol. 96: 257-263.