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اثر کربنات کلسیم و pH بر سینتیک تثبیت فسفر در خاک های مختلف | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 46، شماره 4، دی 1394، صفحه 739-748 اصل مقاله (522.21 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2015.56797 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن توفیقی1؛ مصطفی شیرمردی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشیار، دانشکدة مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدة مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این بررسی آثار کربنات کلسیم و pH بر سینتیک تثبیت فسفر در چهار خاک غیرآهکی تیمار‌شده با سطوح متفاوت کربنات کلسیم خالص، همچنین، در شش خاک تنظیم‌شده با pH 5 تا 9 مطالعه شد. خاکها قبل از آزمایش با K2HPO4 به میزان mgP/kg45 تیمار شد. سپس، در اینکوبیتور به مدت صد روز در دمای C○25 نگهداری شد. در زمان‌های مشخص از خاکها نمونه‌گیری و غلظت فسفر در آن‌ها به روش Olsen اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که واکنش فسفر با خاکها دو فازی و متشکل از دسته‌ای از واکنش‌های سریع و دسته‌ای از واکنش‌های کند است. سرعت کاهش فسفر قابل‌استفاده (Olsen-P) در طول روز اول خیلی سریع، سپس تا پنجاه روز به تدریج کاهش یافت. بعد از آن در بسیاری از خاکها به سمت صفر میل کرد. به‌علاوه، با افزایش درصد کربنات کلسیم در خاکها، میانگین بازیابی فسفر به طور معناداری (در سطح 5 درصد) افزایش یافت. اما این اثر در همة خاکها یکسان نبود، به‌طوری که در یک خاک افزایش درصد کربنات کلسیم تا 35 درصد هیچ تأثیری بر بازیابی فسفر نداشت. اثر pH بر قابلیت استفادة فسفر از روند معینی پیروی نکرد. در بعضی خاکها افزایش pH از 2/5 به 8/8 اثر معناداری بر قابلیت استفادة فسفر نداشت، در حالی‌که در خاک‌های دیگر میزان Olsen-P در pHهای بالا به‌طور معناداری کمتر یا به‌عکس، بیشر از pH پایین بود. این آثار متفاوت pH در خاکها را می‌توان به این صورت توضیح داد که تغییر pH در خاک باعث تغییر هم‌زمان چند عامل مرتبط با قابلیت استفاده از فسفر شامل حلالیت کانی‌های فسفر، ویژگی‌های باری سطوح جامد خاک، گونه‌گونه‌شدن فسفر محلول و تغییر نسبت غلظت یا فعالیت این گونه‌های فسفر و سرعت معدنی‌شدن فسفر آلی در خاک می‌شود. اثر خالص این تغییرات با تغییر pH در خاک‌های مختلف متفاوت است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اولسن؛ بازیابی؛ فسفر قابل‌استفاده؛ کربنات کلسیم معادل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Calcium Carbonate and pH on the Kinetics of P Fixation in Different Soils | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hasan Towfighi1؛ Mustafa Shirmardi2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate, Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Effects of calcium carbonate and pH on the kinetics of P fixation were studied on four non-calcareous soils treated with different levels of pure CaCO3, and also on six soils which were adjusted for pH within the range of 5 to 9. Soils were also treated with K2HPO4 at the rate of 45 mg P/kg before they were incubated for a period of 100 days at 25○C. Soil samples were taken at certain predetermined times and the concentration of P measured through Olsen method. It became evident that the reaction of P with soil was biphasic, composed of a set of fast reactions vs a set of slow ones. The rate of reduction in available P (Olsen-P) was very fast during the first day, and then it gradually diminished for duration of 50 days, thereafter approaching zero in most of the soil samples. In addition, an increase in the level of CaCO3 content of the soils resulted in a significant (5% level) increase in the mean P recovery from the soils, however, the effect was not observed as the same in all the soils. It occurred that in one of the soils, an increase in CaCO3 up to 35% had no effect on P recovery. The effect of pH on P availability was not the same in different soils. In some soils an increase in the pH from 5.2 to 8.8 had no significant effect on P availability, while in others; the amount of Olsen-P was either higher or lower at higher pH values. The different effects of pH on P availability was explained by the variable effects of a change in pH on such available-P related parameters as solubility of P minerals, charge characteristics of the soil surface, speciation of soluble P and change in concentration or activity of P species and as well the rate of organic P mineralization. It was finally proved that the net effect of these changes, as a result of a change in pH, could be different in various soils. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Available phosphorus, Calcium Carbonate Equivalent, Olsen, Recovery | ||
| مراجع | ||
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