تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,495 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,192 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 123,358,750 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 96,579,330 |
کاربرد دکترین مسئولیت به حمایت، در حقوق بینالملل پاسخ به حوادث | ||
فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 46، شماره 3، مهر 1395، صفحه 511-532 اصل مقاله (632.37 K) | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jplsq.2016.59470 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
موسی پاشابنیاد1؛ نسرین مصفا* 2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بینالملل عمومی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
درحالیکه در شرایط جنگی، امداد به آسیبدیدگان با استناد به مقررات الزامآور حقوق بشردوستانه اغلب به سهولت صورت میگیرد، مقررات مشابهی در شرایط حوادث طبیعی وجود ندارد و خلأ قانونی در این مورد، زمینۀ سوءاستفاده از اصول سنتی حاکمیت و عدم مداخله برای جلوگیری از امدادرسانی بینالمللی را فراهم میسازد. در این میان، حقوق بینالملل پاسخ به حوادث بهعنوان رشتهای نوظهور از حقوق بینالملل عمومی، بهدنبال رهیافتی بر مبانی ارائۀ کمکهای بشردوستانه در چنان حوادثی است و دکترین مسئولیت به حمایت، زمینۀ مناسبی بدین منظور بهنظر میرسد. از سوی دیگر، جامعۀ بینالمللی در مورد قابلیت اعمال دکترین مسئولیت در وضعیت بروز حوادث طبیعی به اجماع نرسیده است و با این حال، نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد که حتی در فرض امکان حصول اجماع جامعۀ بینالمللی مبنی بر شمول این دکترین به حوادث طبیعی نیز، بهخودیخود، تحول شایان توجه و اثربخشی در امدادرسانی بینالمللی به آسیبدیدگان از چنان حوادثی ایجاد نخواهد شد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
حوادث طبیعی؛ حقوق بشردوستانه؛ حقوق بشر؛ حقوق بینالملل پاسخ به حوادث؛ مسئولیت به حمایت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Application of the doctrine of responsibility to protect in the International Disaster Response Law (IDRL) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mousa Pasha-Bonyad1؛ Nasrin Mossafa2 | ||
1Ph.D. Student, Public Law, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
While in conditions of combat assistance to victims based on the provisions of binding humanitarian law often takes place easily, there are no similar provisions in terms of natural disasters. This legal vacuum provides a fertile ground for abuse of the traditional principles of sovereignty and non-intervention in order to prevent international relief. In the meantime, International Disaster Response Law as a new branch of Public International Law is looking to log-on in to the basics of humanitarian assistance provided in such events to fill the void. The doctrine of the responsibility to protect, seems as an appropriate justification for this purpose. The international community has yet to reach a consensus about the applicability of the aforementioned doctrine in cases of disaster. However, results of this study suggest that even if a consensus is reached by the international community, it will not create a significant and effective change in the international relief to the victims of such events by itself. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Humanitarian law, human rights, international Disaster Response law, Natural disasters, responsibility to protect | ||
مراجع | ||
الف) فارسی
http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/11149/.
ب) انگلیسی Books and articles
available at: http://www.un.org/press/en/2008/sgsm11701.doc.htm
http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/speeches/2009/the-responsibility-to-protect-in-environmental-emergencies.aspx.
Documents
1- A more secure world: Our shared responsibility, (2004), Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, United Nations.
2- A/59/2005 (Report of the Secretary-General: in larger freedom - towards development, security and human rights for all).
3- A/61/10, Report of the International Law Commission, Fifty-eighth session (1 May-9 June and 3 July-11August 2006).
4- A/63/10 (2008), Report of the International Law Commission, Sixtieth session (5 May-6 June and 7 July-8 August 2008).
5- A/C.6/64/SR.22 (Sixth Committee, Summary record of the 22nd meeting, Held at Headquarters, New York, on Monday, 2 November 2009).
6- A/CN.4/598 (Preliminary report on the protection of persons in the event of disasters, International Law Commission, Sixtieth session, Geneva, 5 May-6 June and 7 July-8 August 2008).
7- A/CN.4/629 (Third report on the protection of persons in the event of disasters, International Law Commission, Sixty-second session, Geneva, 3 May-4 June and 5 July-6 August 2010).
8- A/CN.4/643 (Fourth report on the protection of persons in the event of disasters by Eduardo Valencia-Ospina(Special Rapporteur), International Law Commission, Sixty-third session, Geneva, 26 April-3 June and 4 July-12 August 2011).
9- A/RES/56/83 (Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, 2002).
10- A/RES/60/1(Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, Sixtieth session, Agenda items 46 and 120, 2005).
11- Case concerning the military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America) Judgment of 27 June 1986, ICJ Rep. 1986.
12- Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts adopted by the International Law Commission at its fifty-third session (2001), ILC Yearbook 2001.
13- IASC operational guidelines on the protection of persons in Situations of Natural DIisasters, Published by: The Brookings – Bern Project on Internal Displacement, January 2011.
14- In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all, 2005, Report of the Secretary-General (A/59/2005).
15- Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America). Merits, Judgment. I.C.J. Reports 1986.
16- Operational Guidelines and Field Manual on Human Rights Protection in Situations of Natural Disaster, Published by: Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, Pilot version (March 2008).
17- Report of the International Law Commission, Fifty-eighth session (1 May-9 June and 3 July-11 August 2006), A/61/10.
18- Responsibility to Protect – Engaging Civil Society, (9 May 2008), R2PCS Message on R2P and Burma/Myanmar, available at: http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/crises/128-the-crisis-in-burma/1652-9-may-2008-r2pcs-message-on-r2p-and-burmamyanmar.
19- The Responsibility to Protect (2001), Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, December 2001, Published by the International Development Research Centre.
20- World Disasters Report (2000), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,972 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,588 |