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ویژگیهای ژئوشیمیایی برخی خاکهای تشکیل شده بر روی سنگهای بازالت شمالغرب ایران | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 16، دوره 47، شماره 4، دی 1395، صفحه 807-818 اصل مقاله (850.14 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2016.59987 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علیرضا راهب؛ احمد حیدری* ؛ شهلا محمودی | ||
دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
مطالعات پیدایش و تکامل خاک مبتنی بر درک صحیح از فرآیندهای ژئوشیمیایی حاکم بر محیطهای خاکسازی و نحوه تشکیل خاکها میباشد. در این تحقیق ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمایی و ژئوشیمیایی خاکهای تشکیل شده بر روی سنگ مادر بازالت در 6 خاکرخ منتخب در یک ردیف اقلیمی متشکل از سه اقلیم خشک (اشتهارد)، نیمهخشک (قزوین) و نیمهمرطوب (رودبار) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. غلظت کل برخی عناصر در تمام افقهای خاک تعیین و با سنگ مادر مقایسه شد و نقش ترکیب ژئوشیمیایی سنگ مادر بر غلظت کل عناصر مذکور در خاک بررسی گردید. بهعلاوه، الگوهای غنیشدن-تهیشدن و آنالیز توازن جرم عناصر با استفاده از عنصر مرجعTi تعیین شد. عناصر مختلف الگوهای غنیشدن-تهیشدن متفاوتی را نشان دادند. در خاکهای منطقه خشک، نقش ماده مادری و خصوصیات لیتوژنیک در غلظت عناصر نسبت به دو منطقه دیگر بیشتر است و غلظت عناصر موجود در خاک به دلیل هوادیدگی و آبشویی کمتر خاکها به سنگ مادر نزدیکتر بود. درحالیکه با حرکت به اقلیمهای مرطوبتر، فرآیندهای خاکسازی شدت بیشتری پیدا کرده و الگوهای غنیشدن-تهیشدن عناصر روند متفاوتی نشان میدهند. توزیع برخی عناصر مانند منیزیم، کلسیم، آهن و مس بیشتر تحت تاثیر فرآیندهای خاکسازی و برخی عناصر دیگر مانند سدیم، آلومینیوم، سیلیس، فسفر، کلر، منگنز، مولیبدن، کادمیوم و سرب متاثر از مواد مادری هستند. به طور کلی بخشی از تفاوت مشاهده شده در تغییرات غلظت عناصر را میتوان به ماهیت شیمیایی و قابلیت تحرک بالای برخی عناصر، و بخش دیگر را به سرعت هوادیدگی ماده مادری تحت تاثیر تغییرات زیست اقلیمی نسبت داد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اقلیم خشک؛ فاکتور غنیشدن؛ فرآیندهای خاکسازی؛ عوامل خاکسازی؛ تشکیل خاک | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Geochemical properties of some soils developed on basalt rocks of North-West Iran | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Alireza Raheb؛ Ahmad Heidari؛ Shahla Mahmoodi | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Soil genesis and evolution studies are based on well understanding of geochemical processes involved in pedogenic processes and formation of soil. Parent materials are main factors controlling soil properties in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, physicochemical and geochemical properties of 6 selected soil profiles developed on basalt rocks along arid (Eshtehard), semiarid (Qazvin) and semihumid (Roodbar) climosequence representing three different climatic zones were investigated. The total content of Si, Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, P, Zn, Cl, Cu, Pb, Mo and Cd of all soil horizons were compared to parent rocks to reveal the role geochemical composition of rock on total concentrations of these elements in soil. Enrichment/depletion patterns of elements were assessed using Ti as reference element. The studied elements exhibited different enrichment/depletion patterns. In soils of arid region, the role of parent material and lithogenic properties in concentration of elements were greater than other areas and the content of these elements due to lower weathering and leaching were closer to the parent rock. While, in more humid climates pedogenic processes were more intensive and enrichment/depletion patterns of elements showed states that are more progressive. Distribution of some studied elements such as magnesium, calcium, iron and copper were significantly affected by soil forming process and the parent material affected some other elements such as sodium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, manganese, molybdenum, cadmium and lead. In general, part of the difference in the concentrations of elements can be related to their chemical nature and the mobility of some elements, and some part to rapid weathering of parent materials affected by bioclimatological changes. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Arid climate, enrichment factor, Pedogenic processes, Pedogenic factors, Soil genesis | ||
مراجع | ||
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