تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,504 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,123,575 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,231,743 |
تحلیل عوامل ضایعات شکستگی برنج در استان گیلان | ||
مهندسی بیوسیستم ایران | ||
مقاله 17، دوره 47، شماره 4، بهمن 1395، صفحه 765-747 اصل مقاله (587.11 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijbse.2017.60272 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مجتبی گورابجیری1؛ سعید فیروزی* 2؛ هاشم امین پناه2 | ||
1دانش آوخته کارشناسی ارشد | ||
2عضو هیات علمی | ||
چکیده | ||
کاهش ضایعات شکستگی برنج از دغدغههای بخش شالیکاری استان گیلان است. به منظور شناسایی عوامل ضایعات شکستگی برنج سفید در استان گیلان، تحقیقی به روش پیمایش توصیفی با شرکت 75 نفر از مدیران واحدهای شالیکوبی استان انجام گرفت. به منظور طراحی اولیه پرسشنامه، ابتدا از روش مصاحبه نیمهساختارمند با 5 نفر از مدیران مجرب کارگاههای شالیکوبی و 3 نفر از کارشناسان تبدیل برنج در استان گیلان استفاده شد. پرسشنامه نهایی بر اساس نتایج مصاحبه و مرور منابع طراحی گردید. عوامل ضایعات شکستگی برنج سفید در قالب پنج گروه اصلی شامل عوامل زراعی محیطی، فنی، دانشی مهارتی، اقتصادی و سیاستگذاری دستهبندی شدند. به منظور رتبهبندی هر گروه عامل از شاخص نسبت تغییرات و جهت دستهبندی نهایی گروهها از آزمون فریدمن استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل "رعایت زمان مناسب برداشت برنج"، "خرمنکوبی با خرمنکوبها یا کمباینهای نامناسب شالی"، "سطح مهارت مکانیک در اپراتوری خشککن شلتوک"، "کمبود منابع مالی به منظور نوسازی و بهینهسازی کارخانههای برنجکوبی"، و "ارتقاء اطلاعات فنی مدیران کارگاههای برنجکوبی" به ترتیب مهمترین عوامل زراعی، فنی، دانشی مهارتی، اقتصادی و سیاستگذاری ضایعات شکستگی برنج سفید در استان گیلان بودند. در این راستا، حمایت مالی و آموزشی دولت از فعالیتهای بهزراعی کشاورزان شالیکار، ارتقاء دانش فنی کاربران خرمنکوبها و کمباینهای برنج، اپراتورهای کارگاههای برنجکوبی، و مدیران کارگاههای شالیکوبی و پشتیبانی از نوسازی و بهینهسازی تجهیزات خطوط تبدیل برنج بعنوان راهکارهای کاهش در جهت کاهش ضایعات شکستگی در استان گیلان مورد توصیه قرار گرفتتند. مقایسه نهایی گروهها همچنین نشان داد که گروه عوامل اقتصادی در مجموع بیشترین تاثیر را در بین عوامل مورد بررسی داشتند. بنابراین، به منظور کاهش ضایعات شکستگی برنج در استان گیلان، تقویت بنیه اقتصادی کشاورزان و مالکان کارگاههای شالیکوبی از طریق تدوین و اجرای سیاستهای حمایتی مورد تاکید قرار گرفت. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
شکستگی برنج؛ شلتوک؛ ضایعات؛ کارگاههای تبدیل شلتوک | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Analysis of Factors Affecting Rice Breakage Losses in Guilan Province | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
In order to identifying factors affecting milled rice breakage losses in Guilan province, a research was conducted based on the descriptive survey with association of 75 rice mill owner in Guilan province. Factors affecting milled rice breakage losses were recognized with the Delphi technique. In this regard, a descriptive questionnaire with an open-ended question was distributed among 5 rice mill owner and 3 academic staffs and experts of rice milling. Results indicated that “the time of rice harvest”, “threshing the paddy with inappropriate paddy threshers or paddy combine harvesters”, the level of skill of paddy dryer operator, shortage of financial sources in order to renewing and “modifying the rice mills”, and “promoting technical knowledge of rice mill owners” were the most important factors of agronomical, technical, knowledge-skill, economical, and policy making factors, respectively. Final comparison of the studied categories showed that the category of economic factors had the most impacts among all factors studied. Therefore, in order to reducing the rice breakage losses in Guilan province, promoting the economical basis of paddy farmers and rice mills owners were emphasized through codifying and executing supportive policies. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Rice breakage, Paddy, losses, rice mills | ||
مراجع | ||
Afzalinia, S., Shaker, M. & Zare, E. (2004) Comparison of different rice milling methods. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 46(3), 63-66. Alizadeh, M. R., Minaei, S., Tavakoli, T. & Khoshtaghaza, M. H. (2006). Effect of de-awning on physical properties of paddy. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 1726-1731. Alizadeh, M. R. & Bagheri, I. (2009). Field performance evaluation of different rice threshing methods. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences (IJNES), 3(3), 139-143. Anwarul Haque, A.K.M., Choudhury, N.H., Quasem , M.A. & Arboleda. J.R. (1997). Rice post-harvest practices and loss estimates in Bangladesh- part III: Parboiling to milling. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 28(3), 51-55. Azar, A. & Momeni, M. (2007). Statistics and application in management. Samt publication, Tehran, pp, 350. (In Farsi). Azizi, J. (2006). Economic evaluation of rice marketing strategies in Guilan Province. Scientific and Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(4), 715-728. (In Farsi). Banaszek, M.M. & Siebenmorgen, T.J. (1990). Head rice yield reduction rates caused by moisture adsorption. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 33(4), 1263-1269. Banaszek, M.M., Siebenmorgen T.J. & Sharp, R.N. (1989). Effects of moisture content at milling on head rice yield and degree of milling. University of Arkansas, Arkansas Farm Research, 38(2), 15. Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, J.W. & Higgins, C.C. (2001). “Organizational Research: Determining Appropriate sample Size in Survey Research”. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), pp 43-50. Bautista, R.C., Siebenmorgen, T.J. & Mauromoustakos, A. (2009) The role of rice individual kernel moisture content distributions at harvest on milling quality. Transactions of the ASABE, 52(5),1611-1620. Bond, N. (2004). Rice milling. In: Champagne, E.T. (Ed.), Rice: Chemistry and Technology, third ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN, USA, pp. 283–300. Brian, J.L. & Siebenmorgen, T.J. (1999). Environmental conditions causing milled rice kernel breakage in medium-grain varieties. Cereal Chemistry, 76(3), 426-427. Buggenhout, J., Brijs, K., Celus, I. & Delcour, J.A. (2013). The breakage susceptibility of raw and parboiled rice: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 304–315. Counce, P. A., Bryant, R. J., Bergman, C. J., Bautista, R. C., Wang, Y. A., Siebenmorgen, T. J., Moldenhauer, K. A. K. & Meullenet, J. F. C. (2005). Rice milling quality, grain dimensions, and starch branching as affected by high night temperatures. Cereal Chemistry, 82, 645-648. Dilday, R.H. (1988). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on milling quality of rice (Oryza Sativa). Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science, 42, 26-27. Farahmandfar, R., Farahmandfar, E. & Ramezani, A. (2009). Physical properties of rough rice. International Journal of Food Engineering, 5(5), 1-10. Firouzi, S. & Alizadeh M.R. (2015). Milling Yield Indexes and Bending Rupture Force of Rice as Affected by the Harvest Time and Milling Moisture Content. Iran Science of Mechanics in Agricultural Machinery, 2(2), 15-27. (In Farsi). Firouzi, S., Alizadeh, M.R. & Minaei, S. (2010a). Effect of rollers differential speed and paddy moisture content on performance of rubber roll husker. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 4(3), 37-42. Firouzi, S., Alizadeh, M.R. & Minaei, S. (2010b). Effect of the size of perforated screen and blade-rotor clearance on the performance of Englebreg rice whitener. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(3), 31-44. Firouzi, S. & Alizadeh, M. R. (2011) Effect of whitener type and paddy moisture content on rice grain damage during milling process. American- Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 10(3), 470-474. Firouzi, S., Minaei, S., Payman, S.H. & Fotohi, H. (2005). Investigation on the effects of feed rate and pressure at the rice outlet on the broken milled rice in rice jet-pearler. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5(9), 941-946. (In Farsi). Ghavami, S., Borghei, A. & Tabatabaeefar, S.A. (2005). Effects of hub round speed and outlet area in milling machine on breakage of rice grains. Iran Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 6(22), 53-66. (In Farsi). Guilan’s Organization of Jihad-e Agriculture, Iran. (2014). Annual statistics, Rice section, pp:2. (In farsi). Heiko, A. (2012). Consensus measurement in Delphi studies: review and implications for future quality assurance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79 (8), 1525-1536. Iran’s Ministry of Jihad-eAgriculture. (2013). Annual statistics of Agriculture. Department of Planning and Economy, Center of Information and Communication Technology, p. 62. From http://dpe.agri-jahad.ir/portal/ Home/ Default.aspx?CategoryID=117564e0-507c-4565-9659-fbabfb4acb9b (In Farsi). IRRI. (2013). Paddy Drying. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Postharvest Unit, CESD, Version 2, October 2013, p. 51. Juma Omar, S. & Yamashita, R. (1987) Rice drying, Husking and Milling, Part II Husking. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 18(3), 53-56. Kepner, R. A., Bainer, R. & Barger, E. L. (1987). Principles of Farm Machinery. The AVI Publishing Company, Inc., USA pp, 302. Kavousi, Sh., Ebrahimpour Azbari, M. & Khayati, M. (2010). Analysis of productivity of rice processing industries in Guilan Province with the production function approach and Data envelopment Analysis (DEA). Iran Economic Science Journal, 12, 81-95. (In Farsi). Kohlwey, D.E. (1992). The quest for the whole grain in rice milling. Cereal Foods World, 37(8), 633–634. Kulatunga, A.K., Dissanayake, T.M.R., Rathnayake, H.M.A.P. & Lufthi A. (2009). Rice mill owners' attitudes towards implementing new process and productivity improvement techniques. Proceedings of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, Sri Lanka, December 2009, 14, 412-414. Kunze, O.R. & Hall, C.W. (1965). Relative humidity changes that cause brown rice to crack. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 8:396-399, 405. Kunze, O.R. & Prasad, S. (1978). Grain fissuring potentials in harvesting and drying rice. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,21(2), 361-266. Maier, D.E. & Bakker-Arkema, F.W. (2002). Grain drying systems. In Facility Design Conference of Grain Elevator & Processing Society. Minneapolis, Minn.: GEAPS. 2002. p, 53. Lanning, S. B., Siebenmorgen, T. J., Counce, P. A., Ambardekar, A. A. & Mauromoustakos, A. (2011). Extreme nighttime air temperatures in 2010 impact rice chalkiness and milling quality. Field Crops Research, 124, 132-136. Leesawatwong, M., Jamjod, S., Kuo, J., Dell, B. & Rerkasem, B. (2005). Nitrogen fertilizer increases seed protein and milling quality of rice. Cereal Chemistry, 82(5),588-593. Ntanos, D., Philippou, N. & Hadjisavva-Zinoviadi, S. (1996). Effect of rice harvest time on milling yield and grain breakage. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 15(1), 23-28. Pansalan, T.G. & Uriarte, G.G. (1987). Statistics: a Simplified Approach. First edition, REX Book Store, Manila, Philippine, p, 215. Payman, S. (1999). Study of rice milling systems in Iran and other countries. Proceedings of 17th Iranian Rice Seminar, Karaj, Iran, pp, 28-29. (In Farsi). Payman, S. H., Azizi, J., Pajouhande, M. & Nikkhah, A. (2014). Economic evaluation of harvesting rice methods in Guilan, The 8th National Congress on Agr. Machinery Eng. (Biosystem) & Mechanization, 29-31 January, 2014, Mashhad, Iran. (In Farsi). Perez, C. M., Juliano, B., Liboon, S., Alcantara, J. M. & Cassman, K. G. (1996). Effects of late nitrogen fertilizer application on head rice yield, protein content, and grain quality of rice. Cereal Chemistry, 73, 556-560. Rabbani, G. H. (2009) New ideas and concepts, Rice bran: A nutrient-dense mill-waste for human nutrition. The Orion Medical Journal, Sep; 32(3), 694-701. Sabori, S. (2002). Determination of the best depth of paddy residence in batch-type bed dryer. Final report of research project, Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Registration No. 81/454, June, 2002, p, 27. Saikia, D. & Deka S. C. (2011) Cereals: from staple food to nutraceuticals. International Food Research Journal, 18, 21-30. Sarker, N. N. & Farouk, S. M. (1989). Some factors causing rice milling loss in Bangladesh. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 20, 49-52. Shitanda, D., Nishiyama, Y. & Koide, S. (2002). Compressive strength properties of rough rice considering variation of contact area. Journal of Food Engineering, 53, 53–58. Siebenmorgen, T.J., Bautista R.C. & Counce P.A. (2006). Optimal harvest moisture contents for maximizing rice milling quality. Rice Quality Process. B.R. Wells Research Studies, pp: 390-401. Siebenmorgen, T.J., Bautista, R.C. & Counce, P.A. (2007). Optimal harvest moisture contents for maximizing milling quality of long- and medium-grain rice cultivars. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 23(4), 517-527. Srivastava, A. K., Goering, C. E., Rohrbach, R. P. & Buckmaster, D. R. (2006). Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. 2nd Edition, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. ST Josef, Michigan, USA. Tajaddodi Talab, K., Nordin Ibrahim, M., Spotar, S., Talib, R. A. & Muhammad, K. (2012). Glass Transition Temperature, Mechanical Properties of Rice and their Relationships with Milling Quality. International Journal of Food Engineering, 8(3): Art. 9. Tavakoli, T., Payman, M. H., Alizadeh, M. R. & Khoshtaghaza, M. H. (2002). Effect of moisture content and linear speed on paddy dehulling quality, Proceedings International conference on Agricultural Engineering, BUDAPEST pp. 168-169. Thompson, J.F. (1998). Principles of Rice Drying. Jun 30, 1998, Available on: www.kcomfg.com/_docs/ pdfs/principles_of_rice_drying.pdf Toquero, Z., Marana, C., Ebron, L. & Duff, B. (1977) Assessing quantitative and qualitative losses in Rice post-production System. Paper presented at FAO work shop on post-harvest rice losses. Alor Star, Malaysia, March, 1977. Velupillai, L. & Pandey, J.P. (1990). The impact of fissured rice on mill yield. Cereal Chemistry, 67(2), 118-124. Webb, B.D. & Calderwood, D.L. (1977). Relationship of moisture content to degree of milling in rice. Cereal Foods World, 22: 484. Yan T.Y., Hong, J.H. & Chung, J.H. (2005). A prediction of white improved method for the embryo in vertical mill. Biosystems Engineering, 49, 303-309. Yousefzadeh, S. & Firouzi, S. (2016). The study of the factors affecting the development of mechanization of rice cultivation in Guilan province by Delphi technique. Iranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering, Article 9, 47(1), 83-92. (In Farsi). | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,468 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,327 |