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نقش و جایگاه سازمان‌های بین‌المللی غیردولتی، به‌عنوان «دوست دادگاه»، در نظام بین‌المللی حل‌وفصل اختلافات | ||
| فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 46، شماره 4، دی 1395، صفحه 753-769 اصل مقاله (251.37 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jplsq.2016.60517 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیدباقر میرعباسی1؛ عقیل محمدی* 2 | ||
| 1استاد گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دوست دادگاه شخصی حقیقی یا حقوقی است که طرف دعوی محسوب نمی‌شود و به ابتکار خود یا به درخواست دادگاه اظهارات خود را درخصوص وقایع و قواعد حاکم بر دعوی به صورت مکتوب یا شفاهی به دادگاه تقدیم می‌کند. بررسی رویة قضایی نشان می‌دهد بازیگر عمدة این عرصه سازمان‌های بین‌المللی غیردولتی‌اند که البته مشارکت آن‌ها در فرایند حل‌وفصل اختلافات با موانع و چالش‌های فراوان همراه بوده و است. این مقاله استدلال می‌کند که هرچند از این تأسیس حقوقی در حوزه‌هایی مانند حقوق بشر، تجارت، و داوری‌های سرمایه‌گذاری استقبال شده است و مرجعی مانند دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری از پذیرش آن اجتناب کرده‌اند، به نظر می‌رسد، با توجه به مزیت‌های متصور برای آن، می‌تواند به دادگاه‌ها در ارتقای صحت و کیفیت تصمیمات یاری رساند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جلسات استماع؛ داوری‌های سرمایه‌گذاری؛ دستیابی به اسناد؛ دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری؛ دیوان‌های حقوق بشری؛ مشارکت ثالث | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The role and function of international Non-Governmental Organizations as a "Friend of the Court" in the international system of disputes settlement | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi1؛ Aghil Mohammadi2 | ||
| 1Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2PhD Student, International Law, Faculty of law and political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The "Friend of the court" is a natural or legal person that although not a party to the dispute, still expresses its oral or written remarks on the facts and the law governing the claim. A review of the jurisprudence reveals Non-Governmental Organizations as the key players of this field. However, their participation in the dispute settlement process is faced with many challenges and obstacles. This article argues that despite the fact that a number of courts such as the International Court of Justice have avoided this legal concept, as it has been received in areas such as Human Rights as well as Trade and Investment Arbitrations, the mentioned practice can assist courts to improve the accuracy and quality of decisions with its perceived advantages. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| access to documents, hearings, human rights courts, International Court of Justice, investment arbitrations, third party participation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Young, James & Webster v. UK, European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) Case, 44 Eur. Ct. H. R. (ser. A) (1981). 32. World Trade Organization, United States – Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, Report of the Appellate Body, WT/DS58/AB/R, 12 October 1998. 33. WTO, European Communities – Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, Report of the Appellate Body, WT/DS135/AB/ R, 12 March 2001. 34. Methanex Corporation v. United States of America, (UNCITRAL/NAFTA), Decision of the Tribunal on Petitions from Third Persons to Intervene as Amici Curiae, 15 January 2001. 35. United Parcel Service of America Inc. v. Government of Canada (UNCITRAL/NAFTA), Decision on Petitions for Intervention and Participation of Amici Curiae, 17 October 2001. | ||
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