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Gissing’s Zolaist determinism and the heroines of The Nether World | ||
| International Journal of Women's Research | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 3، شماره 2، دی 2014، صفحه 169-184 اصل مقاله (327.7 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Susan Poursanati* | ||
| PhD in English Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Zola, in his book The Experimental Novel, introduces the aspects of what is now called the naturalistic novel. Later on, Zola’s ideas were exported to the English literature and the works of English novelists. George Gissing is one of the English authors who have successfully adopted the premises and the key elements of Zola’s naturalistic novel in their work. This paper deals with the naturalistic and Zolaist essence of George Gissing’s novel, The Nether World. The crucial aspects of Zola’s experimental and naturalistic novel are first discussed. Then the idea of determinism and its connection to the novels of Zola and Gissing’s The Nether World comes to light. Finally, the subject of Gissing’s treatment of the presence of women and their entrapment in deterministic webs of life is discussed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| determinism؛ female characters؛ naturalistic novel؛ Zola | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Bader, A.L. (1963). Review: new looks at Gissing. The Antioch Review 23-3: 392-400. Bloom, H. (Ed). (2004). Emile Zola. Broomall: Chelsea House. Carey, J. (1992) The Intellectuals and The Masses. London: Faber and Faber. Gissing, G. (1970). The hope of pessimism. Pierre Coustillas. (Ed), George Gissing: Essays and Fiction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP. Gissing, G. (2002). The Nether World. Ebookstakeavay.com, Pdf. Gornic, V. (2008). The Men in My Life. Cambridge: MIT, 2008. Harsh, C.D. (1992). Gissing’s The Unclasses and the perils of naturalism. ELH 59-4: 911-938. Jameson, F. (1976). Authentic Ressentiment: the “experimental” novels of Gissing. Nineteenth Century Fiction 31(2): 127-149. Lukacs, G. (1978). Studies in European Realism. London: Merlin. Saunders, M. (2010) Self-Impression. New York: Oxford UP. Schehr, L.R. (2009). Subversions of Verisimilitude. New York: Fordham UP. Thiher, A. (2001). Fiction Rivals Science: The French Novel from Balzac to Proust. Columbia: University of Missouri. Zola, E. (1964). The Experimental Novel and Other Essays. Belle. M. Sherman (Tr). New York: Haskell. | ||
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