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برنامهریزی کاربری زمین در مواجهه با زلزله در بافت‌های فرسودۀ شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: محلۀ عبدل‌آباد شهر تهران) | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 51، شماره 2، تیر 1398، صفحه 269-290 اصل مقاله (847.94 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2017.61872 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی نیری1؛ اسماعیل شیعه* 2؛ محمود رضایی3؛ نوید سعیدی رضوانی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد امارات دبی | ||
| 2استاد گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی | ||
| 4استادیار گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد قزوین | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بشر از دیرباز با پدیده‌های مخرب طبیعی روبه‌رو بوده است. از این رو، پیوسته در تلاش بوده راه‌حل‌هایی برای مقابله با این پدیده‌ها پیدا کند. در این میان، بافت فرسوده و ساختمان‌های واقع در این بافت بیشترین آسیب را دیده و از حداقل پیامدهای آن قطع لوله‌های تأسیساتی، ایجاد آتش‌سوزی، مسدود شدن مسیرهای دسترسی، کمک‌رسانی ضعیف و به تأخیر افتادن تخلیة افراد را می‌توان ذکر کرد. بررسی میزان آسیب‌ها و صدمه‌های ناشی از زلزله در شهرها، در بسیاری موارد نشان داده درصد بالایی از صدمه‌ها به‌طور مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم به وضعیت نامطلوب برنامهریزی و شناسایی و کاهش خطرها مربوط می‌شده است و درواقع علل عمدة آسیب‌ها و تلفات ناشی از آن را در بی‌توجهی و سهل‌انگاری در رعایت استانداردهای ایمنی سازه‌ها، در فقدان اصول، برنامه‌ها و طرح‌های شهرسازی مناسب می‌بایست جستجو کرد که با شناخت بافت و عملکرد و رفتار زلزله و استفادة بهینه از زمین و کاربری‌های آن، می‌توان اقدام مؤثری به منصة ظهور رساند. هدف این مقاله بررسی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار بر تابآوری بافت فرسوده در برابر زلزله در محلة عبدل‌آباد منطقة 19 شهر تهران است. روش پژوهش در این مقاله، توصیفی-تحلیلی است و از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی استفاده شده و با مدلAHP و نرم‌افزارExpert choice به تحلیل پرداخته است. یافته‌های این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که عامل مدیریتی، اقتصادی و مشارکت اهالی در فرایند بازآفرینی و احیا، به‌ترتیب با امتیاز 145/0، 112/0 و 110/0در جایگاه‌های اول تا سوم قرار دارند و نشانگر اهمیت این مؤلفه‌ها در بین مؤلفه‌های مورد بررسی است. همچنین در این پژوهش با توجه به تحلیل مؤلفه‌ها و زیرمعیارها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار یادشده، بین عبدل‌آباد شمالی و جنوبی، عبدل‌آباد شمالی در جایگاه نخست واقع شد و براین‌اساس، بهترین محدوده از لحاظ برنامهریزی بعد از وقوع زلزله را می‌توان مدیریت و ساماندهی کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کاربری زمین؛ تابآوری؛ بافت فرسوده؛ زلزله؛ محلة عبدل‌آباد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Land-Use Planning in the Face of Earthquakes in Worn-Out Texture (Case Study: Abdulabad, Tehran, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Nayeri1؛ Ismail Shieh2؛ Mahmoud Rezaei3؛ Navid Saeidi Rezvani4 | ||
| 1PhD Candidate in Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates | ||
| 2Professor of Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Urban Development, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor of Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction As an influential tool for urban authorities, land use planning plays an important role in the increased resilience of urban communities. Given the importance of the subject in different aspects and diverse conditions in the pursuit of justice, land use planning with equitable distribution of resources and services has been ignored by scholars, policy makers and urban planners and managers with no worthwhile results. As the problems of these areas are disregarded, worn-out textures can cause various types of damage. Physical development and rapid growth of cities during recent decades led to poor distribution of urban canters resulting in lack of equal enjoyment of services by the citizens. Methodology Studying land use resilience during the earthquakes in vulnerable textures, with minimum use of facilities, this paper seeks to provide a land use planning and other effective components in order to propose best reaction and least damage during critical conditions. In terms of the method and type, this is descriptive- analytical study, i.e. the issue is handled systematically and its components are analysed. Identifying the variables affecting a problem through descriptive and library methods, an effective pattern and appropriate indicators for the components analysis were provided using expert’s ideas. A hierarchical structure of the factors was provided in AHP to determine, prioritize and take optimal components. The AHP was calculated by Microsoft Choice and Microsoft Excel for components rating and prioritization. Results and discussion Results of Expert Choice indicate that, among the measured components, management is in the first place with undeniable role in the evolution of the city and its canter. Meanwhile, the important point is that a manager should be able to make a relationship between their goals in worn-out areas and urban system as a whole. Economy (0.112), also, is in second place impacting the formation and urban texture content regarding the indicators such as job, income, various activities and services. Distribution of poverty and wealth and creating an average level of life for the residents, appropriate distribution of accessible urban services around the city results in the integration and flow of life in all urban areas and their renewal and prosperity. Citizen’s involvement in revival and renewal process is the third component. According to this component, despite community cohesion and strong social text a result of its position is compared with other urban areas, worn-out texture suffers from problems beyond construction methods and similar issues. Accordingly, physical intervention in these textures is ineffective and other solutions such as public involvement need to be considered. Fabric and land use (0.093) were in fourth place that indicates theirs importance compared with other components. This type of planning with resilience management to counter natural disasters increases the safety of the spaces used by citizens and easy access by rescue groups. Functioning was in fifth place (0.084) in Expert Choice. Today, creating user diversity in urban space is an important issue. In real life, when working space predominates, compared with residential and touristic spaces, many social and spatial problems occur in that area. Environment was the sixth component (0.082) in which production and emission of land and air pollutions result in declined quality of urban texture, migration, stopped renovation and thereupon, worn-out textures. Population was seventh component (0.081) with considerations such as high population density, high number of children, elderlies, women and disabled people and high household density in housing units result in increased vulnerability. As the eighth component, culture had a great impact on neighbourhoods; especially during earthquakes for preserving and effectiveness during critical situations, factors such as increased social communications, strengthened sense of community, participation in periodical events and ceremonies, satisfaction measurement, reduced social and cultural disorders in the texture are considered. Therefore, the more homogenous the community in terms of culture, the less the vulnerability will occur. Ninth component was society (0.076) according to Expert Choice, indicating positive relationship between emotional satisfaction of people and physical environment. Place attachment depends on people’s participation in environment and their cultural interactions considered more important than fabric by some experts. The last component was traffic and transportation considering its unimportant place among other components; it concerns normal conditions of the society. Conclusion According to the explanations, the factors resulting in increased risk include: population growth, unplanned urban development, rapid development of informal residencies, overflow of the population of urbanized areas, degraded ecosystem, etc. Therefore, urban planners should attempt to create a quiet, safe and healthy place for residents. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Land use, resilience, old tissue, earthquake, Abdolabad | ||
| مراجع | ||
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