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مقایسۀ الگوهای مشاهده‌ای در یادگیری تکالیف مختلف | ||
| رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ورزشی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 9، شماره 3، آبان 1396، صفحه 457-475 اصل مقاله (221.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jmlm.2017.220713.1186 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهتاب عربی1؛ عبدالله قاسمی* 2؛ سید محمد کاظم واعظ موسوی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی رشتۀ تربیت بدنی (گرایش رفتار حرکتی)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استاد دانشگاه امام حسین، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از تحقیق حاضر مقایسۀ الگوهای مشاهده‌ای در یادگیری تکلیف حرکتی دریافت توپ والیبال و تکلیف شناختی- حرکتی تردستی با سه توپ بود. آزمودنی‌ها 80 نفر از دانشجویان دختر 25-19 ساله بودند. در هر تکلیف 40 آزمودنی شرکت داشت. شرکت‌کننده‌ها به چهار گروه مشاهدۀ الگوی مبتدی، ماهر، ترکیبی و گروه فعالیت بدنی تقسیم شدند. همۀ گروه‌های مشاهده از طریق فیلم ویدئویی الگوی مخصوص به خود را تماشا کردند. در این تحقیق در هر دو تکلیف چند مرحلۀ اکتساب و آزمون یادداری و انتقال انجام گرفت. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها در مرحلۀ اکتساب از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و در آزمون‌های یادداری و انتقال از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه و آزمون‌های تعقیبی مناسب استفاده شد (05/0P<). در تکلیف حرکتی، در مرحلۀ اکتساب مشاهدۀ الگوی ماهر- مبتدی نسبت به دیگر گروه‌ها بهتر بود، اما این برتری معنادار نبود، ولی در آزمون یادداری و انتقال مشاهدۀ الگوی ماهر- مبتدی، برتری معناداری داشت. در تکلیف شناختی- حرکتی، مشاهدۀ الگوی مبتدی در مرحلۀ اکتساب و آزمون یادداری و انتقال نسبت به گروه‌های دیگر بهتر بود، اما این برتری در آزمون انتقال معنادار نبود. براساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر پیشنهاد می‌شود که در یادگیری تکالیف مختلف، از شیوه‌های الگودهی متفاوتی استفاده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکتساب؛ انتقال؛ تردستی؛ یادداری؛ یادگیری مشاهده‌ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Comparison of Observational Models in Learning Various Tasks | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mahtab arabi1؛ Abdollah Ghasemi2؛ Seyed Mohammad Kazem Vaez Mousavi3 | ||
| 1Student of Physical Education (Motor Behavior), Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of this study was to compare observational models in learning motor task of receiving a volleyball ball and motor-cognitive task of juggling with 3 balls. The participants were 80 female students aged between 19 and 25. 40 subjects participated in each task. Participants were divided into 4 groups: novice model observation, expert, mixed and physical practice. All observational groups watched their own model via video tapes. In this study, some acquisition phases, retention and transfer tests were carried out in all two tasks. In acquisition phase, data were analyzed with ANOVA with repeated measures and in retention and transfer tests one-way ANOVA test and proper post hoc tests were used (P<0.05). In the acquisition phase, observation of expert-novice model in the motor task was better than the other groups but this predominance was not significant. But in the retention and transfer tests, observation of this model had a significant predominance. In the cognitive-motor task, the observation of novice model was better than the other groups during the acquisition phase, retention and transfer tests but this predominance was not significant in the transfer test. Finally,based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that various modeling methods should be used to learn different tasks. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Acquisition, juggling, observational learning, retention, Transfer | ||
| مراجع | ||
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