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بررسی تاثیر بهترین اقدامات مدیریتی در کاهش منابع آلاینده نقطهای و غیرنقطهای آب با استفاده از مدل SWAT (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز سیمره، رودخانه سیمره) | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 48، شماره 5، بهمن 1396، صفحه 995-1006 اصل مقاله (1.63 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.225610.667617 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا نوری* 1؛ علی سلاجقه2؛ آرش ملکیان3؛ علیرضا مقدم نیا1 | ||
1دانشگاه تهران | ||
2استاد دانشگاه تهران | ||
3دکتری، دانشگاه تهران | ||
چکیده | ||
کیفیت آبهای سطحی تأثیر زیادی بر روی سلامتی انسان و اکوسیستمهای آبی دارد. منابع آلودگی آب شامل منابع آلودگی نقطهای (PSPS) و منابع آلودگی غیرنقطهای (NPSPS) میباشد. شناسایی منابع آلودگی نقطهای و غیرنقطهای برای ارزیابی کیفیت آب سطحی و منابع اصلی آلودگی در حوضه حائز اهمیت میباشد. در این مطالعه، مدل ارزیابی آب و خاک (SWAT 2009) برای بررسی تأثیر منابع آلاینده نقطهای و غیرنقطهای بر روی کیفیت آب رودخانه سیمره در محدوده مطالعاتی زیرحوضه سیمره در حوضه کرخه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مدل برای دوره 2009-2000 واسنجی و سپس برای دوره 2011-2010 اعتبار سنجی گردید. مقادیر ضرایب ناش- ساتکلیف و R2برای شبیهسازی جریان و بار مواد مغذی از 84/0 تا 96/0 و برای اعتبارسنجی جریان از 69/0 تا 85/0 میباشد. نتایج آماری نشان داد که مدل SWAT کارایی مناسبی در شبیهسازی جریان ماهانه و بار مواد مغذی در حوضه سیمره دارد. همچنین مدل SWAT برای شناسایی مناطق منبع بحرانی (CSAs) رسوب، نیتروژن کل (TN) و فسفر کل (TP) در سطح زیرحوضه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مدل SWAT، 9 زیرحوضه (شامل 33% از سطح حوضه) شامل زیرحوضههای 1، 6، 10، 17، 21، 22، 25، 26 و 29 را بهعنوان مناطق بحرانی برای نیتروژن کل (TN) و فسفر کل (TP) شناسایی کرد. سپس شبیهسازی تأثیر بهترین اقدامات مدیریتی (BMPs) برای کنترل هدررفت بار مواد مغذی توسط مدل انجام گرفت. مهمترین BMPs شامل اجرای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و ایجاد نوار فیلتر در طول رودخانه میباشد. سناریوهای BMP منجر به کاهش هدررفت آلودگی در مقایسه با شرایط پایه میشوند و بیشترین کاهش در بار مواد مغذی در ایجاد نوار فیلتر در کنار رودخانه با درصد کاهش 68%، 36% و 39% بهترتیب برای رسوب، TN و TP مشاهده شد. بطور کلی این پژوهش باعث کمک به درک مناسبتر ما از وضعیت کیفیت آب و نقش گزینههای مدیریتی در بهبود کیفیت آن میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
کیفیت آب؛ منابع آلودگی نقطهای و غیر نقطهای؛ مدل SWAT؛ بهترین اقدامات مدیریتی (BMP)؛ حوضه رودخانه سیمره | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigating the effects of best management practices on the reduction of point and non-point source pollution of water using SWAT model (Case Study: Seimareh River) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Zahra Noori1؛ Ali Salajegheh2؛ Arash Malekian3؛ Alireza Moghadamnia1 | ||
1University of Tehran | ||
2University of Tehran | ||
3University of Tehran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Surface water quality has a far-reaching impact on the human health and aquatic ecosystems. The sources of surface water pollutions include Point Source (PSP) and Non-Point Source Pollution (NPSP). The action of Identifying the point source and non-point source pollutions is critical to evaluate surface water quality and major pollutant sources in a watershed. In this study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to investigate the influence of PS and NPS Pollution on the water quality. The model was calibrated for the period 2000-2009, and then it was validated for the period of 2010 to 2011. The values of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (ENS) and R2 for simulations of flow and nutrient loads range from 0.84 to 0.96 for calibration period, while they vary from 0.69 to 0.85 for the validation period used for flow simulation. The statistical results revealed that the SWAT model simulated the monthly flow and nutrient loads satisfactorily in Seimareh watershed. Also, SWAT model was used to identify the critical source areas (CSAs) of sediment, TN and TP at the watershed level. SWAT model identifiedof 9 sub-the watershed (33% of total watershed area) as CSAs for TN and TP. The sub-watersheds 1, 6, 10, 17, 21,22, 25, 26 and 29 were identified as CSAs of TN and TP while most of these sub-watersheds were also identified as sediment CSAs. Then, the model was also used to simulate the impact of Best Management Practices (BMPs) at controlling nutrient losses. Major BMPs implemented were reducing chemical fertilizer application, and building a filter strip along the river bank. The result of WQI demonstrates that water quality at the upstream is generally better than the downstream with higher level of nutrient loads. Also, the seasonal variations WQI clearly indicates the summer and autumn season as the critical time period for nutrient loads within the watershed. The result showed that the BMP scenario reduced the pollutant losses compared to the baseline condition, and the greatest reduction in the nutrient losses was observed in the filter strip located along the river with percentage reductions of 68%, 36% and 39% for sediment, TN and TP, respectively. Overall, this study helps our understanding of the status of water quality and the role of the best management practices (BMP) options to improve water quality. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
surface water quality, Point Source (PSP) and Non-point Source Pollution (NPSP), SWAT Model, Best Management Practices (BMPs), Seimareh River Watershed | ||
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