تعداد نشریات | 161 |
تعداد شمارهها | 6,532 |
تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,108,526 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,213,065 |
ارزیابی و تحلیل فضایی شاخصهای مسکن شهری (مطالعة موردی: شهر گرگان) | ||
پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 51، شماره 3، مهر 1398، صفحه 653-674 اصل مقاله (1.54 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhgr.2018.233806.1007464 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
جعفر میرکتولی* 1؛ مصطفی آریان کیا2 | ||
1دانشیاردانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه گلستان | ||
2کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه گلستان | ||
چکیده | ||
مسکن یکی از مهمترین نیازهای اساسی انسان است که از ابتدای تاریخ سکونت، نقش مهمی در شرایط زیستی انسانها داشته است. همچنین یکی از پدیدههای واقعی و از نخستین مسائلی است که بشر همواره با آن مواجه بوده و برای دگرگونی و یافتن پاسخی مناسب برای آن تلاش کرده است. گونهشناسی مساکن نیز مقولة مهمی است که تاکنون در دستگاههای متولی برنامهریزی و مدیریت شهری توجهی به آن نشده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی و تحلیل فضایی شاخصهای مسکن شهری با تأکید بر گونهشناسی مسکن، به بررسی واحدهای مسکونی در مناطق شهر گرگان از نظر شاخصهای دسترسی به امکانات، مشخصات کالبدی، کیفی، کمی و رضایت از معماری مسکن پرداخته است. این نوشتار کاربردی-توسعهای است که با ترکیبی از پژوهشهای توصیفی، تحلیلی و همبستگی انجام شده است. جامعة آماری پژوهش حاضر شهر گرگان و نمونههای پژوهش 375 است که مورد در قالب پرسشنامه در اختیار خانوارها قرار گرفته است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزارهای SPSSو GISاستفاده شده است. براساس یافتههای پژوهش، بیشترین تفاوت و تنوع مسکن از نظر شاخصهای مورد بررسی در منطقة 2 و کمترین آن در منطقة 1 شهری بهدلیل شباهت بسیار و نزدیکی سبک معماری ساختمانهای مسکونی این منطقه به یکدیگر تفاوت جزئی دارند. منطقة 3 نیز رتبة متوسط را دارد که دلیل آن میتواند نزدیکی اقوام مهاجر و بومی ساکن در این منطقه از نظر اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
رگرسیون خطی گامبهگام؛ شاخصهای مسکن؛ شهر گرگان؛ گونهشناسی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Environmental Analysis of Urban Housing Indicators (Case Study: Gorgan City) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Jafar Mirkooli1؛ Mostafa Arian Kia2 | ||
1Associate Professor, Faculty of Geography, Golestan University | ||
2MA in Geography and Urban Planning, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Introduction With global demographic changes, cities have increasingly felt the need for housing. Residence as the most important need of people covers the largest space of the city. In small cities, more than 60% and in large cities and about 40% of all cities are covered by the residential land use. The economic and social importance of housing, in the one hand, and the employment and its relationship with many other sectors of the economy as an appropriate tool for the realization of economic policies on the other hand, has placed this sector at the center of public attention. Cognition and proper categorization of different architectural types can be helpful in better understanding of the space to achieve new design techniques. The present research consider the general framework of the housing in Gorgan city from the point of view of housing typology according to the indicators of housing planning in the triple urban areas. Methodology This study is an applied developmental research using a combination of descriptive, analytical and correlation methods. In order to collect data, we have used the field surveys and documentary studies and also researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of 53462 residential units in the study area. The sample size will be 384 residential units based on Cochran's formula distributed by multistage randomized sampling method. Reliability of the questionnaires is about 0.82 using Cronbach's alpha test. Data have been analyzed by using SPSS, Excel and ArcGIS software. Results and discussion In the sample households, 53.6% of the total sample population is male and 46.4% is women. The variation of household density in the whole community of the sample based on the number of the family members indicates that the families of four people are 33.06 percent of the sample as the largest proportion of the total population of the sample. In the study of the index of the number of residential units, the largest proportion is 26% and belongs to a residential building with 6 to 8 units. The highest level of infrastructure in the triple areas is for buildings of 50 to 100 square meters. The area with 46.35% is the first class, in the second the value is 49.64%, and the third class cover 50.42% of the sample. However, the least abundance in first class belongs to buildings with an area of over 300 square meters with 2.43 percent, in the second and third district the buildings with an area of less than 50 square meters contain 3.0 percent and 3.36 percent, respectively. In studying the results of the land price index, the highest land price with 30.67% belongs to the group of 10 to 15 million Iranian Rials. The lowest proportion covers 9.33% for the lands with a value above 20 million Rials. The results of the type of materials index shows that the largest proportion belongs to residential buildings with brick materials (33.34%) and in the study of residential buildings life index, the largest share belongs to buildings with a lifetime of 1 to 10 years old (51.2%). The lowest proportion of residential buildings is over 20 years old (19.74%). The results of the tests indicates that among the five variables of typology, in the first region, the physical variables with a beta coefficient of 0.657 is in the first order, and the quantitative variables with a beta coefficient of 0.341 is in the second order. In the second region, qualitative variables with a beta coefficient of 0.409 are in the first order and the physical variables with a beta coefficient of 0.238 in the second order. In the third region, the physical variables with a beta coefficient of 0.623 are in the first order. The access variables with a beta coefficient of 0.325 have been verified and other variables of the typology have been eliminated from the equation. Conclusion Based on the results, the highest difference and diversity of housing in terms of typology is found in the second district of Gorgan and the least is in the first of the urban area. The diversity and differences is resulted from a wide variety of indices and components of housing in the second district, the variability of population, the different economic activities of the people living in this region, and the high percentage of immigrants to this area along with other indigenous inhabitants to the region. The different typology of the district 1 of Gorgan city is also resulted from its location in the best part of the city and the so-called top-notch region of the area. This shows the economic prosperity of people living in this area and the close cultural-social level of the inhabitants of the region. Same as similarity of the residential buildings of the area with each other, the access to all the facilities of the city show the least diverse in terms of indicators and components of the typology of the housing. The district 3, as it can be seen, has a moderate rank in terms of variety and distinction of typology. This can be attributed to the close proximity of the immigrant and indigenous peoples of this region in terms of social, economic and cultural aspects. These can be reflected by the housing structures and specifications of housing qualities. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
typology, housing indicators, stepwise linear regression, Gorgan City | ||
مراجع | ||
41. Abedini, A.sghar, 2015, Comparative Analysis Of Indicators oOf Housing iIn Informal Settlements (Case Study: Islamabad Neighborhood, Urmia’s Slaughterhouse), Journal oOf Housing aAnd Rural Housing aAnd Environment, No. 149, PP. 51-66., (In Persian). 42. Ahadnejad Roshti, Mohsen M., aAnd Samira Moradi Mofrad, S., 2013, The City Development Strategy (CDS) Role iIn Supplying Houses fFor Low-Income Groups iIn Urban Housing Policy (Case Study: Safarabad District aAnd Bisim-Shahr City oOf Zanjan Province), Journal oOf Regional Planning, The Third YearVol. 3, No.Issue 12, PP. 35-48., (In Persian). 43. Aqajani, A.ram, 2014, Basic Pathology oOf Rural Housing wWith aAn Emphasis oOn tThe Sustainable Development (Case Study: The Central Parts oOf Isfahan City aAnd Keraj Rural Districts), MA Dissertation Under tThe Guidance oOf Doctor Ali Akbar Najafi Minerals, Golestan University. 44. Asadi, A.,hmad aAnd Mohammad Reza Pour -Mohammadi, M. R., 2014, TheZanjan City’s Mehr Housing Project Evaluation, Application oOf Geographic Sciences Research, Issue No. 33, PP. 171-192., (In Persian). 45. Brani, M.aryam, Mosayeb Zadeh, A.,li aAnd Mirhojjat Mousavi, M., 2013, Calculation oOf Housing Need iIn Urmia tTo tThe Horizon oOf 2016, Congress oOf Sustainable Architecture aAnd Urban Development., (In Persian). 46. Consulting Engineers Architects and& Urbanism Part, 2013., (In Persian). 47. Ebrahimzadeh, E.,isa aAnd Ezatoulah. Ghasemi, E., 2015, Evaluation oOf Basic Indicators oOf Urban Housing wWith Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: City oOf Saman), Journal oOf Urban aAnd Regional Studies aAnd Research, The Seventh YearVol. 7, Number No. 26, Twenty-Six, PP. 83-104., (In Persian). 48. Ebrahimzadeh, Eisa E., aAnd Mustafa Seyyedi, M., 2012, An Analysis oOf Unofficial Settlements aAnd Determination oOf tThe Amount oOf Factors bBy Using Path Analysis Model (Case Study: City oOf Shaterabad iIn Kermanshah Province), Journal oOf Geography Aannd Planning, Vol. 16, No.Issue 41, PP. 1-22., (In Persian) 49. Ekhaese Eghosa Noel, P.rof, 2014, Adeyemi Ekudayo Adeyinka, Atamewan Eugene Ehimatie “Causal Factors iIn Evolving Housing Typologies iIn Benin Traditional Archiecture, Global Journal oOf Arts Humanities aAnd Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 4, PP. 1-14., June. 50. Ezadi, HassanH, Barzegar, S.epideh, Pakshir, Abdul. R.,eza aAnd Khalil Hajipour, K., 2014, The Evaluation oOf Effective Environmental Values oOn tThe Satisfaction oOf People wWith tThe Place oOf Residence (Case Study: Maali Abad Area), Journal oOf Geography aAnd Urban-Regional Planning, No, 11. PP. 49-66., (In Persian). 51. Ghamkhar, I.raj, Keshvar Doust, A.li R.eza, Hassan Pour, R.,eza aAnd Parry Mousapour Miyandehi, P., 2013, Studying tThe Quantitative, Qualitative aAnd Housing Estimating tThe Required Housing iIn Rasht Until 2021, The Geographical Landscape iIn Human Studies, No.Issue 25, PP. 95-112., (In Persian). 52. Gomar, M.ona, and Shams, M.ajid, 2015, Assessment oOf tThe Quantitative aAnd Qualitative Indicators oOf Housing iIn tThe Hamadan Province (With aAn Emphasis oOn Low-Income Community oOf People), Regional Planning Journal, No.Issue 20, PP. 55-68., (In Persian). 53. Guney, Y., 2007, Type aAnd Typology iIn Architectural Discourse, BAU FBE Dergisi,. PP 3-18. 54. Hadizadeh Zargar, S.adegh, Hashemi Amri, V., ahid aAnd Mohammad M.,asoud, 2013, Assessment oOf Urban Development iIn tThe Housing Sectors oOf Isfahan, Journal oOf Urban aAnd Regional Studies aAnd Research, No. 1717th Issue, PP. 85-100., (In Persian). 55. Hakimi, Hadi, Pourmohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Parhizkar, Akbar, Meshkini, Abolfazl, and Pourtahari, Mehdi 2011, Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators of Housing in Iranian Informal Settlements, Case Study: Jamshidabad Khoy, Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, Vol. 22 , No 44. (In Persian) 56. Hassan Pourlamr, S.aeid, 2014, Traditional Housing Typology Ooff Talesh City (Case Study: Khale-Sara Village 57), Journal oOf Housing aAnd Rural Environment, No. 147, PP. 117-131., (In Persian). 57. Hekmatnia, Hassan H., aAnd Xinous Ansari, X., 2012, Housing Planning oOf tThe Meybod City wWith Sustainable Development Approach, Human Geography Studies, No.Issue 79, PP. 191-207., (In Persian). 58. Keshtkar, L.,eila Aman Pour, S.,aeid Soleymani Rad, I.,smaeil aAnd Sadegh Mokhtari Chelchele, S., 2014, Estimating tThe Housing Prices iIn Ahvaz Using Neural Network, Journal oOf Urban Economics aAnd Management, No. 9,Issue Ninth, PP. 45-57., (In Persian). 59. Lotfi, S.edighe, and Zoleykha Kheirkhah, Z., 2012, Studying tThe Quality, Quantity aAnd Predicting tThe Amount oOf Needed Housing (Case Study: Sari City Untill 2021), Journal oOf Geography aAnd Urban Planning oOf Zagros Landscape, No.Issue 12, PP. 41-58., (In Persian). 60. Maleki, S.aeid, 2011, Assessment oOf tThe Status oOf Qualitative, Quantitative aAnd Social Indicators oOf Housing iIn tThe City oOf Ahvaz, The Journal oOf Geographical Space, The Eleventh YearVol. 11, No. 36, PP. 103-130., (In Persian). 61. Marsousi, NafiseN., Hataminezhad, H.,osein, Taleshi, M.,ostafa aAnd Hamed Abbasi, H., 2012, Surveying tThe Status oOf Informal Housing iIn tThe Cities oOf Tehran Province Using Cluster Analysis, Practical Researches oOf Geographical Sciences Journal, No.Issue 26, PP. 85-105., (In Persian). 62. Masoudi Rad, M.ona, Rafieian, M.ojtaba, Rezaei, M.,aryam aAnd Mandana Masoudi Rad, M., 2014, Measurement tThe Satisfaction oOf Residents oOf Residential Qualities oOf Mehr Housing (Case Study: Mehr Shahr In Zahedan), Journal oOf Geography aAnd Preparation oOf Urban-Regional Planning, No. 12, PP. 135-150., (In Persian). 63. Memarian, Gholam Gh.,Hossein aAnd Ali Tabarsa, A., 2013, Type aAnd Typology oOf Architecture, Iranian Scientific Society oOf Architecture aAnd Urbanism Journal, No. 6, PP. 103-114., (In Persian). 64. Michael E., S.mith, 2014, Housing iIn Premodern Cities: Patterns oOf Social aAnd Spatial Variation, Archnet-Ijar, Vol. 8, No.Issue 3, PP. (207-222), Original Research Articles, November. 65. Mohammad Zadeh, R.ahmat, 2011, Studying tThe Quality oOf Spatial aAnd Basic Factors oOf Open Spaces oOf Residential Complexes oOf tThe New Town: Sahand, Fine Arts- Architecture aAnd Urbanism Magazine, No.Issue 47, PP. 279- 302., (In Persian). 66. Mohammadi, Jamal., Shahsavani, M. J.,ohammd Jasem aAnd Nasrin Sharifi, N., 2013, Surveying tThe Status oOf Housing iIn Informal Settlements aAnd Finding Strategies fFor Organizing Them (Case Study: Settlements Located iIn Territory 5 tTo 10 Kilometers Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant), Journal oOf Spatial Planning (Geography), No. 1,Issue One, PP. 75-100., (In Persian). 67. Mohammadi, Kaveh K., and& Mohammad Taghi Razavian, M. T., 2011, Checking tThe Status oOf Housing Index oOf Sardasht City iIn West Azerbaijan Province (Case Study: Sardasht, West Azarbaijan Province), Journal oOf Manipulating tThe Environment, No. 17, PP. 87-110., (In Persian). 68. Mohammadzadeh, Rahmat and Bakhshoudeh, Shahab, 2013, Income On Reproduce of Residential spaces at Suburbs (Case Study: Tabriz flood zone), Journal of Geography and Planning, Vol. 17, No 42. (In Persian). 69. Moradi Estalkh Zir, GityG, 2015, Identifying aAnd Prioritizing tThe Correct Patterns oOf Rural Housing iIn tThe Sustainable Development oOf Rural Architecture Using MADM Techniques, Masal City, Urban Management Journal, No.Issue 40, PP. 383- 398., (In Persian). 70. Moudon, A.Anne V.ernez, 1994, A Catholic Approach tTo Organizing wWhat Urban Designers Should Know , Journal oOf Planning Literature , May , PP. 332-349. 71. Pfeifer, G., and Brauneck, P., 2008, Courtyard Houses: A Housing Typology, Berlin, Springer. 72. Pour-Mohammadi, M.ohammad R.,eza aAnd Hassan Mahmoud Zadeh, H., 2014, Assessment Of of Residential -Places Quality In in tThe City Of of Tabriz With with The the Analytic Hierarchy Method, Journal Of of Geography And and Planning, Vol. 19, Issue No. 51, PP. 59-80., (In Persian). 73. Rabii Far, V., ali Ollah., Haghighat Naini, Gholamreza Gh., And and Fariba Gharaei, F., 2013, To Assess The the Basic Dimensions Of of Housing With with Urban Sustainable Development Approach, A Case Study Of of 8 In in Karaj, Journal Of of Architecture And and Urban Utopia, Issue No. 11, PP. 307-321., (In Persian). 74. Rahmani, M.aryam, 2014, Reviewing tThe Qualitative aAnd Quantitative Indicators oOf Housing iIn Both Formal aAnd Informal Settlements (Case Study: The Third aAnd Fourth Regions Oof Mashhad), Master's Degree Dissertation Under tThe Guidance oOf Doctor Alireza Khajeh Shahkoubi, Golestan University., (In Persian). 75. Rahmani, M., ohammad anAnd Masoud. Mahdavi Hajilouyi, M., 2011, An Analysis ofOf Finding Appropriate Lands fFor Housing iIn Small Towns Which Are Located Beside Metropolises wWith TOPSIS Method, (A Case Study oOf Saleh Abad iIn Hamadan Province), Geographic Journal oOf Preparation oOf tThe Environment 14, PP. 165-194., (In Persian). 76. Ranjbar, E.,hsan; Sadat Mousavi Sarvineh Baghi, E.,laheh aAnd Moradi, N.ina, 2015, Basic Typology oOf tThe Central Squares iIn tThe Historical Context oOf Gorgan, Journal oOf Iranian Studies, No. 21, PPp. 78-67., (In Persian). 77. Rashidi Ashrafi, B.ehrouz, Haghighi -Fard, M.,orteza aAnd Soha Pourmohammad, S., 2013, Typology oOf Housing iIn tThe Context oOf tThe Old Shiraz (Until The End oOf tThe Qajar Period iIn Order tTo Extract Sustainable Instances), The First National Conference oOn Sustainable Architecture aAnd Urban Spaces, Mashhad, December., (In Persian). 78. Reichlin, B., 1985, Type aAnd Tradition oOf Modern, Casabella, 509-510, PP. 32-39. 79. Rezai Rad, H.,adi aAnd Mojtaba Rafieian, M., 2012, Measuring tThe Quality Oof Housing Space iIn Sabzevar City Using Analytical Method, Faculty oOf Arts, 8, PP. 95-109., (In Persian).
81. Saremi, H.,amidreza aAnd Maryam Ebrahimpour, M., 2012, Studying tThe Iran aAnd tThe World's Housing Index, City’s Identity Journal, The Tenth NumberVol. 9, The Sixth YearNo. 6, PP. 91-102., (In Persian). 82. Shabani, M.,orteza aAnd Mojtaba. Rafieian, M., 2015, Analysis oOf Indicators oOf Urban Creativity iIn Settlement System oOf Mazandaran Province, Journal oOf Geography aAnd Preparation oOf Urban-Regional Planning, No. 16, PP. 19-34., (In Persian). 83. Shahbazi, K.,iomars aAnd Zahra Kalantari, Z., 2012, Impacts oOf Monetary a And Financial Policies Shocks oOn Housing Market Variables iIn Iran: SVAR Approach, Journal oOf Researches aAnd Economic Policies, Vol. 12The Twentieth Year, No.Issue 61, PP. 77-104., (In Persian). 84. Soltanzadeh, H.,ossein aAnd Ghaseminia, M.aziar, 2014, The Typology oOf tThe Fundamental-Functional Structure oOf Residential Architecture iIn Golestan Province, Armanshahr Journal, No. 7, PPp. 1-155-1., (In Persian). 85. Strappa, G., 1998, The Notion oOf Enclosure iIn tThe Formation oOf Special Building Type , In : Attilio Petruccioli , .Typological Process aAnd Design Theory , Agha Khan Program fFor Islamic Architecture , .Conference Proceeding. 86. Varesi, H.,amidreza aAnd Mahmoud Mahmoud Zadeh, M., 2015, Housing Planning oOf Isfahan Income Deciles (Case Study: Isfahan Urban Households), The Preparation oOf Geographical Space Journal, No. 1818th Issue, PP. 1-15., (In Persian). 87. Vidler, A., 1976, The Third Typology, In Hays, K .Michael (Ed), Architecture Theory Since 1968, MIT Press/ Cambridge Massachusetts / London, PP. 288- 294. 88. Vidler, A., 1977, The Idea oOf Type: The Transformation oOf tThe Academic Ideal, 1750-1830, .Journal fFor Ideals aAnd Criticism iIn Architecture, Newyork, Princeton Architectural Press. 89. Westaway, Margaret S., 2006, A Longitudinal Investigation oOf Satisfaction wWith Personal aAnd Environmental Quality oOf Life iIn aAn Informal South African Housing Settlement, Doornkop, Soweto, Habitat International, Vol, 30,: PP. 175-189. 90. Zarabi, A.,sghar aAnd Mahmoud Mahmoud Zadeh, M., 2015, An Analysis oOn tThe Status oOf Housing iIn Isfahan Province Using Factor Analysis aAnd VIKOR, Spatial Planning Journal (Geography), No. 1Issue One, PP. 49-62., (In Persian). 91. Zarei, M. ohammad Ebrahim, 2015, Typology oOf tThe Architecture oOf tThe Mosques iIn tThe Neighborhood oOf Sanandaj During tThe Qajar Period, The Study Journal oOf Iranian-Islamic City, No. 19, PPp. 2815-1528., (In Persian). | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,241 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,031 |