پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,473 |
| تعداد مقالات | 69,970 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 122,759,369 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 95,907,713 |
Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Water Quality Dynamics of River Ganga in Varanasi | ||
| Pollution | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 4، شماره 2، تیر 2018، صفحه 239-250 اصل مقاله (458.63 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/poll.2017.240626.310 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Abaidya Nath Singh1؛ Reshu Shrivastava1؛ Devendra Mohan2؛ Pankaj Kumar* 1 | ||
| 1Environmental Pollution Impact Assessment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi.-221002, India | ||
| 2Environmental Science Division, Department of Civil Engineering I.I.T. (B.H.U.), Varanasi-221005, India. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| River Ganga is one of the prime sacred National Rivers of India, closely associated with economic, social, and cultural heritage of Indian people. Recently, it has been subjected to immense degradation and pollution as a result of receiving huge amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater as well as religious ritual activities and surface runoff. The present study attempts to study spatial and temporal changes in water quality of River Ganga while calculating its Water Quality Index (WQI) by analyzing 9 physico-chemical, 7 trace metal, and 4 microbiological parameters at eleven sampling stations, on the basis of River Ganga index of Ved Prakash. Thus it can assess water’s suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes along with other human uses. The study is directed towards the use of WQI to describe pollution level in the river for a period of 1 year (from January to December 2014). It has been shown that index values as per CPCB class range between medium to good, while the ones as per NSF Index range from bad to good water quality. The study also identifies critical pollutants, affecting the river water quality within its course through the city. Finally, pH, DO, BOD, DO, EC, and FC have been found to be critical parameters for the stretch in each season of this research. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Nitrate؛ Heavy metals؛ Manikarnika Ghat؛ Spatial Distribution؛ Temporal variation | ||
| مراجع | ||
Abbasi, S. A. (2002). Water Quality Indices. State of the Art Report, National Institute of Hydrology, Scientific Contribution No. INCOH/SAR-25/2002, Roorkee: INCOH, 73.Acharyya, S. K. (2005). Arsenic levels in groundwater from Quaternary alluvium in Ganga Plain and the Bengal Basin, Indian subcontinent: Insights into influence of stratigraphy. Gondwana Research, 8:55-66.APHA (2001). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association Washington D.C., Ed.19.Basant, R. (2013). Pollution and Conservation of Ganga River in Modern, India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(4):1-4.
Bhutiani R., Khanna D. R., Kulkarni D. B. and Ruhela M. (2016). Assessment of Ganga River ecosystem at haridwar, Uttarakhand, India with reference to water quality indices. Appl Water Sci., 6(2), 107–113. DOI 10.1007/s13201-014-0206-6.
Bhutiani, R., and Khanna, D. R. (2016). DO-BOD modeling of River Ganga from Devprayag to Roorkee, India using BMKB model. Pollution, 2(1), 25-34. DOI: 10.7508/PJ.2016.01.003.
Bhutiani, R., Khanna, D. R., Tyagi, B., Tyagi, P. and Kulkarni, D. (2015). Assessing environmental contamination of River Ganga using correlation and multivariate analysis. Pollution, 1(3), 265-273. DOI: 10.7508/PJ.2015.03.003.
Hamner, S., Tripathi, A., Misra, R. K., Bauskill, N., Broadway, S. C., Pyle, B. H. and Ford, T. E. (2006). The role of water use patterns and sewage pollution in incidence of water borne/enteric disease along the Ganges River in Varanasi, India. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 16:113-132.
Hutton, L. G. (1983). Field testing of water in developing countries. Water Research Center/Water and Waste Engineering for Deivloping Countries Group. Medmenham, England.
Jain, S. K., Agarwal, P. K. and Singh, V. P. (2007) Hydrology and Water Resources of India, , 57:333-418. Top of FormBottom of Form
Kennaer, B .A.(1978). Faecal strptococoi indicators. In indicators of virus in water and food (G.Berg. eds), Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Source.
Kesharwani, S., Mandoli, A. K. and Dude K. K. (2004). Determination of water quality Index (WQI) of Amkhera pond of Jabalpur city (M. P.). Ntl. J. Life Sci.,1, 61-66.
Kumari, M., Smriti, T., Vinita, P., Tripathi B. D. (2013). Chemometric characterization of river water quality. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185(4):3081-3092.
Mathur, R. P. and Ramanathan, K. N. (1996). Significance of enterobacteria as pollution indicator. Envir. Health., 8(1):1-5.
Mayank, P., Smriti, T., Pandey, A. K. and Tripathi, B. D. (2014). Risk assessment of metal species in sediments of the river Ganga, Catena, 122:140–149.
Mishra, A. and Tripathi, B. D. (2007). Seasonal and Temporal variations in physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of river Ganga in Varanasi. Current World Enviroment, 2(2):149-154.
Mishra, A. (2010). Assessment of water quality using principal component analysis: a case study of the river Ganges. Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 32(4): 227–234.
Mishra, A., Mukherjee, A. and Tripathi, B. D. (2009). Seasonal and Temporal Variations in Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of River Ganga in Varanasi. International Journal of Environmental Research, 3(3):395-402.
Nasirian, M. (2007). A new water quality index for environmental contamination contributed by mineral processing: a case study of among (Tin Tailing) processing activity. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7:2977-2987.
Noori, R., Sabahi, M. S., Karbassi, A. R., Baghvand, A. and Zadeh, H. T. (2010). Multivariate statistical analysis of surface water quality based on correlations and variations in the data set. Desalination, 260(1–3), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.04.053.
Pejman, A. H., Bidhendi, G. R. N., Karbassi, A. R., Mehrdadi, N. and Esmaeili Bidhendi, M. (2009). Evaluation of spatial and seasonal variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (3), 467-476.
Prasad, D. Y. and Qayyum, M. A. (1976). Pollution aspects of Upper Lake Bhopal. Indian Journal of Zoology, 4(1):35-46.
Qiao, Y., Yang, Y., Gu, J. and Zhao, J.(2013). Baseline distribution and geochemical speciation of heavy metals in sediments fromcoastal area suffered rapid urbanization, a case study of Shantou Bay, China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 68:140–146.
Raju, N. J. (2012). Arsenic exposure through groundwater in the middle Ganga plain in the Varanasi environs, India: A future threat, Journal of the Geological Society of India , 79(3): 302-314
Sharma, D. and Kansal, A. (2011). Water quality analysis of river Yamuna using water quality index in the national capital territory, India (2000–2009). Applied Water Science, 1:147–157.
Sharma, S.K. and Subramanian, V. ( 2010). Source and distribution of tracemetals and nutrients in Narmada and Tapti river basins, India. Environ. Earth Sci. 61:1337–1352.
Singh, A., Sharma, R. K., Madhoolika, A. and Marshall, F. M. (2010). Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2):611–619.
Singh, K. P., Mohan, D., Sinha, S. and Dalwani, R. (2004). Impact assessment of treated/untreated wastewater toxicants discharged by sewage treatment plants on health, agricultural, and environmental quality in the wastewater disposal area Chemosphere 55 (2): 227–255.
Singh, M. and Singh, A. K. (2007). Bibliography of Environmental Studies in Natural Characteristics and Anthropogenic Influences on the Ganga River. Environ Monit Assess, 129(1-3):421-432.
Singh, S., Malik, D., Thakur, J., Kaur, A., Singh, R. K. and Nijhawan, S. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of the Physico-chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Pollution in Three Major Rivers across India International Journal of Science and Research, 3(8): 1936-1941.
Sya, B. K. (2015). Pollution and the Renegotiation of River Goddess Worship and Water Use Practices among the Hindu Devotees of India’s Ganges/Ganga River The Changing World Religion Map: pp 557-576
Tarzwell, C. M. (1957). In: Biological problems in water pollution. U.S. Dept. of Health Education and Welfare. P.H.S. 246-272.
Tavakol, M., Arjmandi, R., Shayeghi, M., Masoud, S., Monavari, and Karbassi, A. (2017b). Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods to Optimize Water Quality Monitoring Network with Emphasis on the Pollution Caused by Fish Farms. Iran J Public Health, 46(1), 83-92.
Tavakol, M., Arjmandi, R., Shayeghi, M., Monavari, S. M. and Karbassi, A. (2017a). Developing an environmental water quality monitoring program for Haraz River in Northern Iran. Environ Monit Assess, 189:410, 1-17. DOI 10.1007/s10661-017-6125-x.
Tripathi, B., Pandey, R., Raghuvanshi, D., Singh, H., Pandey, V. and Shukla, D. N. (2014). Studies on the Physico-chemical Parameters and Correlation Coefficient of the River Ganga at Holy Place Shringverpur, Allahabad, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 8(10):29-36. Tripathi, S. and Tripathi, B .D. ( 2011). Efficiency of combined process of ozone and bio-filtration in the treatment of secondary effluent. Bioresour. Technol. 102:6850–6856.
Vega, M., Pardo, R., Barrado, E. and Deban, L. (1998). Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32(12): 3581–3592. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,412 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,412 |
||