پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,757 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,121,562 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,889,581 |
سیاستگذاری محیط زیست در ایران: چالشها و راه‌حل‌ها | ||
| فصلنامه سیاست | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 48، شماره 1، فروردین 1397، صفحه 97-121 اصل مقاله (344.76 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jpq.2018.201546.1006748 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعیده لطفیان* 1؛ صدیقه نصری فخرداود2 | ||
| 1استاد گروه علوم سیاسی دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2دکتری گروه سیاستگذاری عمومی دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این نوشتار، نخست مدلهای سنتی (مرحلهای) و حرفهای سیاستگذاری عمومی برای بررسی جامع علل و پیامدهای اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی مسائل محیط زیستی، نقش نهادهای دولتی از جمله نهادهای مسئول اجرای قوانین حفظ محیط زیست، و نقش شهروندان در حل مشکلات محیط زیستی معرفی میشود. سپس، مباحث مربوط به سیاستهای توسعۀ پایدار، بهبود شرایط زندگی عمومی و مهم‌ترین چالشها و تهدیدهای محیط زیستی ایران مطرح میشود. در ادامه، به سیاستگذاران در کشور پیشنهاد میشود تا در تلاش برای یافتن راه‌حلهای سیاسی و حقوقی مؤثر برای فوریترین مسائل محیط زیستی به رابطۀ مهم عدالت محیط زیستی و توسعۀ پایدار، و نیز تأثیر مشارکت مردمی بر افزایش شانس موفقیت در اجرای سیاستهای انتخاب‌شده توجه ویژه داشته باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیاستگذاری محیط زیست؛ عملکرد زیست‌محیطی؛ مدل انتخاب عمومی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN IRAN | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saideh Lotfian1؛ Sedigheh Nasri Fakhredavood2 | ||
| 1Professor; Department of Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Phd, Department of Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Since 1970s even while the central government has increased the number of rules and regulations protecting the fragile environment in Iran, the severity of long-term environmental policy challenges, such as air pollution in large cities and water scarcity has increased with an adverse impact on sustainability, welfare and overall quality of life of citizens. In this paper, first, traditional "stagist" model and professional model of policy-making for a holistic analysis of the socio-economic and political causes of environmental problems, the role of governmental organizations including those responsible for monitoring the implementation of environmental protection laws, and the role of citizens in solving environmental issues will be discussed. The authors then focus on the policies of other countries aimed at sustainable development, welfare improvement and confronting environmental challenges. In the end, they offer policy recommendations to Iran's policymakers who are advised to pay special attention to the relationship between environmental justice and sustainable development in their search for political and legal solutions for Iran's immediate environmental problems. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| environment, Policy making, sustainability, Iran, Environmental Justice | ||
| مراجع | ||
http://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/739632/society/environment
http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/388744/.
https://www.doe.ir/Portal/home/?news/196210/550185/796330/.
https://www.doe.ir/Portal/home/?news/196210/550181/796325/ .
https://www.borna.news 8. شرکت کنترل هوای تهران. (1396، 20 دی) کفۀ روزهای آلودۀ امسال، سنگین‌تر از سال گذشته است،air.tehran.ir . http://air.tehran.ir/ArticleId/542
10. «کوچ اجباری در سرنوشت میلیون‌ها ایرانی،» (1394، 7 اردیبهشت) شهروند. http://shahrvand-newspaper.ir/ 11. کلانتری: در حال ویران کردن کشور هستیم، (1396، 1 بهمن) سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست. https://www.doe.ir/Portal/home/?news/196210/550181/796217/.
12. کلانتری: سیاستگذاری‌های کشور مطابق با وضعیت بحرانی آب نیست، ( 20 آبان 1396) خبرگزاری مهر. https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4140939/ 13. قانون برنامۀ پنجسالۀ ششم توسعۀ جمهوری اسلامی ایران. (1395، 12 مرداد) پایگاه اطلاع‌رسانی دولت. http://dolat.ir/detail/281959/. 14. مرکز آمار ایران، درگاه ملی آمار. (1396، بهمن) برآورد جمعیت کل کشوربه تفکیک مناطق شهری و روستایی، و جنس، سالهای 1395-1375. https://www.amar.org.ir
ب) خارجی
10. Denny, Elaine et al. (2008, April). Sustainable Water Strategies for Jordan, Ann Arbor, MI: Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan. Available at: http://www.umich.edu/~ipolicy/ Policy%20 Papers/water.pdf/. 11. Department of Public Works. (2018).Environmental Defenders Program, Available at: http://dpw.lacounty.gov/epd/environmental-defenders/. 12. Detges, Adrien. (2017). "Droughts, state-citizen relations and support for political violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A micro-level analysis," Political Geography 61: 88-98. 13. Ebtekar, Massoumeh. (2009). "Iran’s Environmental Policy in the Reform Period (1997-2006)," International Journal of Environmental Studies 66, 3: 289-296. 14. Elkington, J. et al. (2007). Sustainability, 20 Years of Global Leadership [online]. London: SustainAbility. Available from http://www.sustainability.com/. 15. Fadaee, Simin. (2011). "Environmental Movements in Iran: Application of the New Social Movement Theory in the Non-European Context," Social Change41, 1: 79-96. 16. Grimmelikhuijsen, Stephan. (2012). "Linking Transparency, Knowledge and Citizen Trust in Government: An Experiment," International Review of Administrative Sciences78, 1: 50-73. 17. Harbaugh, William T. et al. (2002, August). "Reexamining the Empirical Evidence for an Environmental Kuznets Curve," The Review of Economics and Statistics 84, 3: pp. 541-551. 18. Hobson, Kersty. (2013)."On the Making of the Environmental Citizen," Environmental Politics 22, 1, 56-72. 19. Hoffman, Joan. (2017). "Environmental Justice along Product Life Cycles: Importance, Renewable Energy Examples and Policy Complexities," Local Environment, 22, 10: 1174-1196. 20. Hosseini, Vahid and Hossein Shahbazi. (2016). "Urban Air Pollution in Iran," Iranian Studies 49, 6: 1029-1046. 21. Hsu, A. et al. (2016). The 2016 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale University. Available from: http://epi.yale.edu/sites/default/files/2016EPI_Full_Report_ opt.pdf/. 22. Kelly, Nathan J. (2005, October), "Political Choice, Public Policy, and Distributional Outcomes," American Journal of Political Science 49, 4: 865–880. 23. Kuznets, Simon. (1955, January). "Economic Growth and Income Inequality," American Economic Review 45: 1-28. 24. Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. (2016) National Water Strategy, 2016- 2025. Amman: Jordan. Available at: http://www.mwi.gov.jo/. 25. Mirchi, Ali and Kaveh Madani. (2017 , May 16). "Will Iran's next president care enough to put the environment first?" The Guardian. Available at:https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2017/may/16/will-irans-next-president-care-enough-put-environment-first/. 26. Nilsson, Måns and Åsa Persson. (2017). "Policy Note: Lessons from Environmental Policy Integration for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda," Environmental Science and Policy78: 36–39. 27. Parsons, Wayne. (2001, Autumn). "Modernizing Policy-making for the Twenty First Century: The Professional Model,"Public Policy and Administration16, 3: 93-110. 28. Pouran, Hamid M. (2016, April– May). "Air Pollution and Public Health in Iran," The Middle East in London 12, 3: 13-14. 29. Smith, Zachary A. (2017). The Environmental Policy Paradox, New York: Routledge. 30. Sprinz, Detlef F. (2012). "Long-Term Environmental Policy: Challenges for Research," The Journal of Environment Development21, 1: 67-70. 31. Stern, David I. (2004). "The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve," World Development32, 8: 1419-1439. 32. Stone, Deborah. (2011). Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making, New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
34. United Nations Environment Program. (2017b). 2016 Annual Report: Empowering People to Protect Planet, http://web.unep.org/annualreport/2016/index.php?page=0&lang=en/. 35. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2010). Interim Guidance on Considering Environmental Justice during the Development of an Action. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/ej/resources/ policy/considering-ej-in-rulemaking-guide-07-2010.pdf/.
36. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2011, September). Plan EJ 2014. Washington, D.C.: Office of Environmental Justice. 37. U.S. National Park Service. (2018). "Youth Programs," nps.gov, Available at: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/youth programs/index.htm/. 38. Vanderwarker, Amy. (2012). "Water and Environmental Justice," in Christian-Smith, Juliet, et al., eds. A Twenty-First Century U.S. Water Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 52-89. 39. de Vries, Hanna et al. (2017). "A Stakeholder Perspective on Public Sector Innovation: Why Position Matters," International Review of Administrative Sciences 0: 1-19. 40. de Vries, Michiel S. (2000). "The Bureaucratization of Participation," International Review of Administrative Sciences 66, 2:325- 348. 41. Ward, Hugh. (2008, June). “Liberal Democracy and Sustainability,” Environmental Politics 17, 3: 386-409. 42. Weinbaum, M. G. (1977, Autumn), “Agricultural Policy and Development Politics in Iran,” Middle East Journal31, 4: 434-450. 43. World Health Organization. (2017). World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://apps.who.int/ iris/bitstream/10665/ 255336/1/9789241565486-eng.pdf/. 44. Yaghi, Abdulfattah and Madalla Alibeli. (2017). "Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay: Ethical and Policy Implications for the Environment in the United Arab Emirates," Public Integrity 19, 1: 41-57. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,183 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,144 |
||