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بررسی دما، رطوبت نسبی و سرعت جریان باد در ساختمان های سنتی مسکونی بوشهر در فصل گرما (نمونه موردی عمارت گلشن و عمارت دهدشتی) | ||
| نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 22، شماره 4، اسفند 1396، صفحه 93-105 اصل مقاله (2.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jfaup.2018.229533.671660 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جلیل شاعری* 1؛ محمود یعقوبی2؛ محمد علی آبادی3؛ رزا وکیلی نژاد4 | ||
| 1دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 2دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده هنر و معماری | ||
| 4استادیار دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در ساختمان‌های بومی از راهکارهای اقلیمی و غیر منفعل بسیاری برای ایجاد آسایش حرارتی در محیط داخلی استفاده شده است. معماری بومی شهر بوشهر نیز در پاسخ به شرایط نامطلوب آب و هوایی، موقعیت خاص فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی از ویژگی‌ها و عناصر خاصی برخوردار است. در بسیاری موارد بهره‌گیری از ویژگی‌های این معماری و الگو‌برداری از آن در ساختمان‌های مدرن می‌تواند در راستای ایجاد شرایط آسایش حرارتی مطلوب واقع شود. در پژوهش حاضر ابتدا ویژگی‌های اقلیمی خانه‌های بومی بوشهر معرفی شده و سپس دو عمارت گلشن و دهدشتی جهت اندازه‌گیری‌های تجربی و بررسی رفتار حرارتی انتخاب شد. سپس با استفاده حسگرها متغیرهای محیطی شامل دما، رطوبت نسبی و سرعت جریان باد در اتاق‌ها و حیاط مرکزی در بازه زمانی هفت روزه در ماه‌های مهر و آبان اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از مقایسه متغیرهای محیطی داخلی و خارجی نشان می‌دهد که شرایط حرارتی محیط داخلی ساختمان‌ها متعادل‌تر و مطلوب‌تر از اقلیم گرم و مرطوب خارجی است. آسایش حرارتی در این عمارت‌های تاریخی با استفاده از روش‌های سرمایش خورشیدی غیرفعال و تهویه طبیعی ایجاد شده که در ماه‌های گرم سال نیز همزمان با ایجاد رابطه سازگار با بستر ساختمان و شیوه زندگی، محیطی مساعد را برای زندگی ساکنین فراهم می‌کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آسایش حرارتی؛ معماری سنتی؛ عمارت گلشن؛ عمارت دهدشتی؛ اقلیم گرم و مرطوب؛ بوشهر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Experimental Study of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of traditional houses at hot and humid climate of Iran (Case study: Tabib and Nozari houses in Bushehr) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| jalil shaeri1؛ mahmood yaghoobi2؛ mohammad aliabadi3؛ roza vakilinazhad4 | ||
| 1shiraz university | ||
| 2mechanical school, shiraz university, iran. | ||
| 3Shiraz university, Faculty of art and architecture | ||
| 4Assistant professor, Faculty of art and architecture, Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Today, considerable amount of energy is spent for heating and cooling indoor environments to provide thermal comfort for the building's residents. Availability of modern heating and cooling systems caused to pay no attention to non-active solutions in the modern architecture .Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming in recent years and high energy consumption in the residential sector caused more attention to be paid on climatic strategies and more effort is made to use such strategies in local and traditional architecture in modern buildings. Building and climatic strategies used in local and traditional buildings for so many years based on trial and error and these experiences are going to be forgotten. The most traditional buildings in hot and dry climates have been comfortable for residences passively compared to modern buildings and consumed less energy for air conditioning. Located in southern part of Iran, Bushehr with hot and humid climate has a spectacular vernacular architecture. It has many creative architectural aspects applied in order to reduce high air temperature and humidity. These features use two main strategies to moderate the harsh weather condition: shading and natural ventilation. This article aims to identify the effects of thermal passive strategies and features used in vernacular architecture of Bushehr through experimental study. As so in the first step, thermally passive features and elements were described. Second two case studies were selected for experimental data study, one in the coastal area and another inside the city context. The main climate variables including air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were recorded in a week from 27th September to 27th October. The sensor data loggers were installed in different spaces in the case studied buildings. Based on the results the average indoor air temperature in case studies is 6% less compared to outdoor temperature. While relative humidity is about 18% less than outdoor relative humidity, indoor wind velocity is in thermal comfort zone. The results show that the main passive features used to provide indoor thermal comfort are natural ventilation and shading and the techniques are as follow: a) Catching desired wind flow from sea. b) Use of light color on exterior building envelops. c) Application of materials with low thermal capacity, such as wood in ceiling, windows and shading devices. d) Application of porous local materials (coral stone and gypsum) to prevent humidity absorption in building envelops. e) Design of deep veranda, and shading elements and semi-open spaces called “Tarmeh” to make cool shading spaces. f) Use of central courtyard to make microclimates with lower air temperature and humidity. g) Room arrangement around a central courtyard to provide natural cross ventilation transferring wind flow from alleys to rooms. h) Considerably high height to width ratio of alleys helping to increase wind flow speed and shade building exterior walls. The lessons learned from Bushehr vernacular architecture can be used to define guidelines for new building design in hot and humid climate which leads to reduction in energy consumption and sustainable architecture. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Thermal comfort, Traditional architecture, Gloshan’s house, Dehdashti’s house, Hot and humid climate, Bushehr | ||
| مراجع | ||
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