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ارزیابی روابط میاننهادی در نظام ملی نوآوری ایران: مطالعه 8 موردی | ||
سیاستگذاری عمومی | ||
مقاله 1، دوره 4، شماره 1، 1397، صفحه 9-35 اصل مقاله (1004.16 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ppolicy.2018.66847 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سید سپهر قاضی نوری* 1؛ مسعود افشاری مفرد2؛ شعبان الهی3؛ بهزاد سلطانی4 | ||
1استاد سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
2دانش آموخته دکتری سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
3دانشیار مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
4دانشیار مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه کاشان | ||
چکیده | ||
مفهوم نهاد در ادبیات اقتصاد و نوآوری، از مفاهیمی است که علیرغم نبود تعریف واحد، در موارد بسیاری برای توضیح دلایل کارکرد مناسب یا نامناسب یک سیستم اقتصادی یا نظام نوآوری به کار رفته است. مقاله حاضر نیز با بررسی مفهوم نهاد و دستهبندیهای مختلف آن، تلاش کرده است دلایل عدم کارکرد مناسب نظام ملی نوآوری ایران را از زاویه ارتباطات میان نهادها ارزیابی نماید. در این راستا، یک گونهشناسی سه بُعدی مبتنی بر شاخصههای نوین عملکرد، یعنی کارآیی، اثربخشی و تحولپذیری، ارائه شده و برای شناسایی نهادهای نظام ملی نوآوری ایران که در هر یک از این گونهها قرار میگیرند، مطالعهای 8 موردی صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهد که هیچیک از نهادهای بررسی شده به صورت همزمان از کارآیی و اثربخشی مناسب در ارتباط با دیگر نهادهای نظام نوآوری برخوردار نیستند. در نهایت، برای بهبود وضعیت هر یک از گونههای نهادی، راهبردهای تحولزا پیشنهاد شده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
نظام ملی نوآوری؛ ارزیابی میانسازمانی؛ نهاد؛ ایران | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
A typology of institutions and strategies for improving their performance; The case of Iran's national innovation system | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
sepehr Ghazinoory1؛ Masoud Afshari-Mofrad2؛ Shaaban Elahi3؛ behzad soltani4 | ||
1Professor of Science and Technology Policy Tarbiat Modares University Iran | ||
2Ph.D. in Science and Technology Policy Tarbiat Modares University Iran | ||
3Associate Professor of IT management Tarbiat Modares University Iran | ||
4Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Kashan | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Institution is a controversial concept in the economic literature and after more than one century, there is still no unanimous definition for it. However, many economists have studied its role and importance in many contexts including National Innovation System (NIS). In NIS context, some researchers argued that institutions are X-efficient and X-effective but they didn't open up that much about how to measure them. In this study, using the elements of performance including efficiency, effectiveness and changeability, a typology of institutions in NIS is suggested. Since institutions are investigated in the context of a system, inputs and outputs of each institution in its relationship with other institutions are selected as the base for measuring performance elements. In order to use the suggested typology, performance elements of 8 institutions in Iran's national innovation system are measured and 8 strategies –including growth, exhaustion, displacement, layering, drift, operational efficiency, conversion and status quo- are proposed to improve the performance of each type of institutions. The results showed that accurate extraction of inputs and outputs of each institution in its relation with its next institutions in NIS and measuring its performance elements would help policy makers to identify the gaps in relational performance of institutions in NIS. Also, considering the speed of change for each institution could help policy makers to select the right time horizon for making changes. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Institutions, Typology, Relational performance, National Innovation System, Iran | ||
مراجع | ||
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