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کنترل بیولوژیک قارچ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum عامل پوسیدگی سفید خیار توسط اکتینوباکتری های ریزوسفری | ||
کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 7، شماره 1، فروردین 1397، صفحه 33-45 اصل مقاله (860.45 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jbioc.2017.230696.191 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمد جواد زاهد1؛ کیوان بهبودی* 2؛ ساناز عینی3؛ احمد علی پوربابایی4 | ||
1دانشجو | ||
2عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران | ||
3دانش آموخته | ||
4استادیار | ||
چکیده | ||
ااکتینوباکتری ها به واسطه داشتن ویژگیهای آنتاگونیستی بسیار در برابر طیف گستردهای از بیمارگرهای گیاهی به ویژه قارچها، به عنوان عوامل بالقوه کنترل بیولوژیک توجهات زیادی را به خود معطوف کردهاند. Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary عامل پوسیدگی سفید ساقه خیار که دارای سه خصوصیت عمده چون دامنه میزبانی وسیع، توان بیماریزایی بالا و دوام طولانی اسکلروتها در شرایط نامناسب محیطی میباشد یکی از مخربترین بیمارگرهای گیاهی در جهان است. با توجه به خسارت شدید و دشواریهای کنترل توسط روشهای شیمیایی، روشهای جایگزینی مانند کنترل بیولوژک توسط گونههای اکتینوباکتربرای این بیمارگر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش اثر آنتاگونیستی 109 جدایه اکتینوباکتر در برابر قارچ پوسیدگی سفید خیار بررسی گردید و سه جدایه UTS13، UTS19 و UTS49 با بیشترین میزان ممانعت از رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر درون تشتکهای پتری برای بررسیهای بیشتر انتخاب شدند. خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی جدایههای برتر حاکی تولید آنزیمهای پروتئازی و کیتینازی بود. جدایه UTS13 به عنوان جدایه برتر در آزمونهای گلخانهای مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت و با توجه به توالی rDNA 16S مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و به عنوان Streptomyces albidoflavus شناسایی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که جدایه S. albidoflavus UTS 13 باعث کاهش علائم بیماری به میزان 50 درصد در شرایط گلخانهای و افزایش صفات رشدی گیاه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد سالم شد. پژوهش حاضر سعی بر معرفی باکتری S. albidoflavus UTS 13 به عنوان یک عامل بیوکنترل موثر به همراه طیف وسیعی از فعالیتهای آنتاگونیستی در برابر قارچ بیمارگر S. sclerotiorum را داشته است. | ||
تازه های تحقیق | ||
جدایه UTS13 بهعنوان جدایه برتر در آزمونهای گلخانهای مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت و با توجه به توالی rDNA 16S مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و بهعنوان Streptomyces albidoflavus شناسایی گردید. جدایه فوق قادر به رشد در محیط قلیایی و شور می باشد درنتیجه در محیط های فوق میتواند بکار رود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آنتاگونیست؛ فعالیت قارچکشی؛ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum؛ کیتیناز | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) De Bary cause the cucumber white stem rot by rhizospheric Actinobacteria | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
mohamad javad zahed1؛ | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Actinobacteria have attracted high interests as potential biocontrol agents due to their antagonistic properties against wide range of plant pathogens particularly fungi. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) De Bary, the causal agent of cucumber white stem rot, is one of the most destructive phytopathogens throughout the world which has three important characters as wide host range, severe pathogenicity and prolonged survival of the Sclerotia in unfavorable environmental conditions. Considering the serious damage of this pathogen that cannot be easily controlled by chemical methods, alternative approaches such as biocontrol method using several species of actinobacteria were evaluated against this pathogen. Antifungal bioactivity of 109 isolates of actinobacteria collected from soils of Alborz province of Iran was investigated against S. sclerotiorum through agar dual culture bioassays. Among them, Streptomyces UTS13, UTS19 and UTS49 revealed reasonable inhibitory capabilities in dual culture procedure. In physiological studies the isolates showed enzymatic activities of chitinase, and protease. The results showed that UTS13 reduced the disease upto 50% in greenhouse conditions and significantly increased plant growth compared with the control. UTS13 isolate was identified with molecular features as Streptomyces albidoflavus UTS13. Future perspective includes production of commercial biocontrol products and resistant transgenic plants having antifungal properties originated from biologically active genes of S. albidoflavus UTS13. This investigation introduced S. albidoflavus UTS13 as an effective biological agent with wide spectrum of antagonistic activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Antagonistic, Cucumber rot, Antifungal, chitinase | ||
مراجع | ||
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