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تغییرات مکانی و زمانی میزان نیترات در آب زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز سیلوه) | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 71، شماره 2، شهریور 1397، صفحه 307-319 اصل مقاله (1.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2018.23042. | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امید اسدی نلیوان* 1؛ سید سعید غیاثی2؛ سادات فیض نیا3؛ نرگس سقازاده4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی گرگان | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 3استاد دانشکدۀ منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 4دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه منابع‌طبیعی و کویرشناسی اردکان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آلودگی منابع آب زیرزمینی به نیترات در حال حاضر یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل زیست‌محیطی محسوب می‌شود. با توجه به کاربری‌های متعدد حوزه آبخیز سیلوه، پارامترهای کیفی در آب زیرزمینی این حوضه می‌تواند دارای تغییرات مکانی و زمانی قابل توجهی باشد. بر این اساس نمونه‌های آب زیرزمینی 145 نقطه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از بررسی واریوگرام و مشخص شدن مکانی بودن تغییرات نیترات، روش‌های مختلف شامل روش معین عکس فاصله و روش‌های زمین‌آماری تخمین‌گر توابع شعاعی، تخمین‌گر موضعی، تخمین‌گر عام، روش کریجینگ معمولی، کریجینگ ساده و کریجینگ جهانی در نرم افزار GIS مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و نقشه‌های پراکنش مکانی نیترات در دو مقطع زمانی(قبل و بعد از فصل برداشت) تهیه گردید. بر اساس معیار ارزیابی خطای برآورد (RMSE)، روش کریجینگ معمولی دارای کمترین خطاست و از دقت قابل توجهی برخوردار بوده است. توزیع مکانی نیترات در آب زیرزمینی منطقه نشان می‌دهد که غلظت نیترات در مناطق با قابلیت نفوذ بالا و کاربری کشاورزی و اراضی بایر(شرق و جنوب حوزه) بالاترین مقادیر را داشته است. البته وجود سنگ شیل در این قسمت که نیترات‌زا است این موضوع را تشدید می‌کند. مقایسه غلظت نمونه‌های نیترات با استانداردهای ملی و بین-المللی(50 میلی گرم بر لیتر) نشان می‌دهد که 38/1(2 حلقه) درصد از نمونه‌های مورد بررسی، قبل از فصل برداشت آلوده به نیترات بوده‌اند، در صورتی که 03/11درصد از نمونه‌های مورد بررسی(16 حلقه)، بعد از فصل برداشت آلوده به نیترات بوده‌اند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تغییرات مکانی و زمانی؛ فعالیت انسانی؛ کریجینگ؛ کیفیت آب زیرزمینی؛ نیترات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Spatial and Temporal Variations of Nitrate Concentration in Groundwater (Case Study: Watershed Silveh) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Omid Asadi Nalivan1؛ Seid Saeid Ghiasi2؛ Sadat Feiznia3؛ Narges sagghazade4 | ||
| 1gorgan university | ||
| 2Tehran university | ||
| 3university of Tehran | ||
| 4ardakan university | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| At present, Groundwater contamination by nitrate, serves as one of the most important environmental issues. In respect to various land uses of Silveh basin, its ground water quality parameters might vary spatially and temporally. For this, ground water samples taken from 145 points were evaluated. After determining nitrate spatial variations by varyogram, different methods involved distance inverse method and geo-statistics methods of radial estimator approaches, local estimator, ordinary kriging, simple kriging and global kriging were evaluated using GIS software and nitrate spatial distribution map were prepared in two time intervals (pre and post-harvest). Criteria based on the Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE), ordinary kriging method has the lowest error, and the accuracy considerably. Spatial distribution of nitrate in area groundwater indicated that there was high concentration of nitrate in land uses of agriculture and arid area. Of course, presence of shale-stone causes nitrate releases, intensifying issues. Comparison of nitrate samples concentration with national and international standards suggested that 1.38%(2 Point) of all samples have been nitrate-contaminated before harvesting, while 11.03%(16 Point) of them have been contaminated after harvesting. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Spatial and Temporal Variations, Anthropogenic activity, Kriging, Groundwater quality, Nitrate | ||
| مراجع | ||
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