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توسعه یک مدل برنامهریزی غیرخطی برای تعیین الگوی کشت بهینه در شرایط کمآبیاری | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 49، شماره 5، آذر و دی 1397، صفحه 1055-1070 اصل مقاله (852.76 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.241216.667752 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد هادی نظری فر1؛ امیر سالاری* 2؛ رضوانه مومنی1 | ||
| 1کارشناس پژوهشی، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و پژوهشکده زعفران دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهبود کارایی مصرف آب و عملکرد شبکههای آبیاری در شرایط کمآبیاری، مستلزم تعیین سطوح مناسب کمآبیاری است. این تحقیق با هدف توسعه یک مدل برنامهریزی غیرخطی برای تعیین الگوی کشت بهینه در شرایط کمآبیاری انجام شد. یک مدل غیرخطی با تابع هدف شاخص بهرهوری آب اقتصادی (سود خالص به میزان آب مصرفی) با یک مدل رشد گیاهی ترکیب و توسعه‌یافته و با استفاده از دادهها و اطلاعات شبکه آبیاری شهید چمران اهواز، مدل توسعه‌یافته اجرا و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین سطح زیرکشت در تمامی سناریوهای کمآبیاری مربوط به محصول گندم میباشد و برای سناریوهای 10، 20 و 30 درصد کمآبیاری بهترتیب مقادیر 674، 949 و 1362 هکتار از اراضی شبکه را شامل میگردد. افزایش سطح زیرکشت شبکه، در سناریوی 30 درصد کمآبیاری نسبت به سناریوی آبیاری کامل 92 درصد برآورد گردید. کمترین سطح زیرکشت نیز مربوط به محصول آفتابگردان با مساحت 189 هکتار (در سناریوی 10 درصد کمآبیاری) است. آنالیز نتایج بیانگر آن است که در سناریوی 10 درصد کم آبیاری، مقدار شاخص بهرهوری آب اقتصادی شبکه با مدیریت الگوی کشت میتواند تا 19 درصد افزایش نسبت به آبیاری کامل را داشته باشد. درحالی‌که در سناریو 20 درصد و 30 درصد کمآبیاری، با اجرای الگوی کشت بهینه مربوطه، مقادیر این شاخص به ترتیب معادل 21 و 23 درصد افزایش برآورد میگردد. همچنین بررسیها حاکی از آن دارد که ترکیب متفاوت از سناریوهای کمآبیاری برای محصولات الگوی کشت میتواند نتایج متفاوتتری را حاصل نماید. بر این اساس در الگوی کشتی که در آن برای محصولات لوبیا و باقلا 10 درصد، برای محصولات آفتابگردان و سیب‌زمینی 20 درصد و برای محصول گندم 30 درصد کمآبیاری اعمال گردد، شاخص بهرهوری آب اقتصادی شبکه میتواند به حداکثر میزان 15250 ریال بر مترمکعب افزایش یابد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| الگوی کشت؛ بهرهوری اقتصادی آب؛ بهینه‌سازی؛ کمآبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Development of a nonlinear programming model optimal cropping pattern based on deficit irrigation scenarios | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| MOHAMMADHADI NAZARIFAR1؛ Amir Salari2؛ Rezvaneh Momeni1 | ||
| 1Research Expert, Department of irrigation and drainage, Pardis of Aboreihan, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources and Saffron Institute University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Obtaining appropriate levels of deficit irrigation is necessary to improve water productivity and performance of irrigation networks in deficit irrigation conditions. This study was carried out to develop a nonlinear programming model for determination of an optimal cropping pattern in deficit irrigation conditions. A non-linear model with the objective function of economical water productivity index (Net profit to water consumption ratio) was combined with a crop growth model and it was evaluated using the data of Shahid Chamran irrigation network. Results showed that the highest cultivation area in all scenarios is related to wheat crop. The wheat cultivation area for the 10, 20 and 30 percent deficit irrigation were estimated to be 674, 949 and 1362 ha, respectively. The increased cultivation area in 30 percent deficit irrigation scenario was estimated 92 percent as compared to the full irrigation scenario. The lowest cultivation area in the network was for sunflower with an area of 189 hectares (in 30 percent scenario). The results of this study for the 10 percent scenario indicated that the overall economical water productivity of the network can be increased up to 19% by managing cropping pattern as compared to the full irrigation scenario. While in the 20 and 30 percent deficit irrigation scenarios, the economical water productivity index values increased 21 and 23 percent respectively by implementing optimal cropping pattern. Also studies show that the different combinations of deficit irrigation scenarios for the crops could present different results. Accordingly, the overall water productivity of the network can be increased to a maximum of 15250 Rls/m3, if 10 percent for broad bean and bean, 20 percent for sunflower and potatoes and 30 percent deficit irrigation for wheat are considered. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Cropping pattern, Deficit irrigation, optimization, Water economic productivity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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