پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,500 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,091,437 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,195,250 |
نقش ضرایب تصحیح در منشأیابی رسوبات تپه‌های ماسه‌ای ساحل غربی دریاچۀ ارومیه | ||
| پژوهش های جغرافیای طبیعی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 50، شماره 2، تیر 1397، صفحه 293-305 اصل مقاله (1.11 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jphgr.2018.240078.1007107 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حسام احمدی بیرگانی* | ||
| استادیار دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| روش منشأیابی یا انگشتنگاری رسوب با استفاده از حل معادلات تابع هدف یا مُدل ترکیبی، برخلاف مدلهای رایج فرسایش و رسوب در دنیا، نتایج قابل قبولتری با عدمقطعیت پایینتری از میزان تولید رسوب ارائه میدهد. الحاقیات و پیوستهای موجود به این تابع ضرایب تصحیحی هستند که شامل ضریب تصحیح مادة آلی، اندازة ذرات، و وزن تشخیصی ردیاباند و از این ضرایب، بدون هیچگونه توجیه و ضرورتی، در بیشتر پژوهشها استفاده میشود. در تحقیق پیشِ رو اهمیت وجودی این ضرایب تصحیح در خصوص منشأیابی تپه‌های ماسه‌ای غرب دریاچة ارومیه در واحدهای ژئومورفولوژی/ سنگشناسی بررسی شده است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد سهم منابع رسوب قبل از اعمال ضرایب تصحیح، پهنة هموار ماسه‌ای (Qmf) به میزان 76/47درصد و مخروطافکنهها و پادگانههای آبرفتی (Qt) به میزان 24/52درصد است؛ درصورتیکه بعد از اعمال ضرایب تصحیح مناطق منشأ به مخروطهافکنه سنگریزهای کوهرفتی (Qf) به میزان 50/67درصد و شیل نازک لایه همراهِ آهک دولومیتی ضخیم (Klshi) به میزان 50/32درصد تغییر یافته است. لذا، اگر از ضرایب تصحیح موجود در تابع هدف بهدرستی و با دلیل علمی استفاده نشود، نهتنها ممکن است سهم منابع احتمالی تولیدکنندة رسوب بیشتر یا کمتر برآورد شود، بلکه منابع تولید رسوب تغییر یابد و با منابع دیگر جای‌گزین شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تپه های ماسه ای؛ دریاچة ارومیه؛ ضرایب تصحیح؛ منشأیابی رسوب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Correction Factors in Sediment Source Fingerprinting of the Lake Urmia Sand Dunes | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hesam Ahmady-Birgani | ||
| Assistant Professor of Natural Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Over the last decades, sediment fingerprinting technique relative to the experimental models for erosion and deposition processes is now used for its higher reliability and lower uncertainties. Its reliable information give the best indication of sediment yield produced by spatial sources of a catchment and let authorities know how take conservative operations and proper actions across the catchment to stop the soil erosion. Therefore, identification of the dominant processes and sources generating the sediment within its catchment are vital. The western shore of the Lake Urmia, NW Iran, the world’s second largest hyper-saline lake has now retreated more than 7 Km from the shoreAs a result, sand dunes and sand ridges are appearing across its western margin. We made an exploration of the geomorphological/lithological units as the sediment feeders out of its western catchment using geochemical data. As the main aim of the present research, we need to correct the contributing factors including particle size, organic matter and tracer discriminatory weighting in recognition of potential changes in fingerprint properties during sediment delivery. Material and methods A mixing model algorithm was used to estimate the relative contributions from the potential sediment sources by minimizing the sum of squares of the weighted relative errors. SSink: concentration of fingerprint property (i) in the sediment was collected from the outlet; PS: percentage contribution from source category (s); SSource: mean concentration of fingerprint property (i) in source category (s); ZS: particle size correction factor for source category (s); OS: organic matter content correction factor for source category (s); Wi: tracer discriminatory weighting; n: number of fingerprint properties comprising the composite fingerprint; m: number of sediment source categories; The above algorithm has incorporated three correction factors to reflect the impact of element concentration in given sediment load size. The effects of the correction factors into the fluvial and alluvial sediment loads have been approved, what has not been well understood for Aeolian sediments and desert environments. Therefore, the role of the correction factors is to estimate the proportion of each potentially sediment source. Paired t-student statistical method was applied to find out whether there are differences between being correction factors and not being the correction factors. Results and discussion As the paired t-student method results show, there is not significant differences between the source contribution before using the correction factors and after using them. However, it is a statistical result and objective function results have another story. According to Table 2, before using the correction factors, Qmf and Qt geomorphological/lithological units with 47.76% and 52.24%, respectively, have the highest proportion in generating the sediment load of the catchment. After implementation of the correction factor, Qf and Klshi geomorphological/lithological units with 67.5% and 32.5%, respectively, have also the highest contribution. Thus, different source proportion was seen with no significant statistic results. Conclusion The present research successfully interpreted the impact of correction factors on sediment source contribution of the sand dunes of Lake Urmia. These correction factors are now widely used into the mixing model or objective function to improve the comparability of source and sediment samples. It is inferred that the organic matter correction factor can be used while mineral-magnetism properties of samples are put as the tracers. The particle size correction factor due to its strong influence on many tracers used for fingerprinting is applied, as the relation of grain size to each tracer's concentration is tested. With generating a scatter plot of particle size or organic matter content against tracer concentration for each source group, necessity of correction factor is evaluated. Generally, it is interpreted that applying the correction factors is vital when some other parameters including sediment environments, tracer properties, chronology of sediments, particle size of sediment loads and etc. are preliminary evaluated. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Sediment Source Fingerprinting, correction factors, sand dunes, the Lake Urmia | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
زارع چاهوکی، م.ع. (1389). تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در پژوهشهای منابع طبیعی با نرمافزار SPSS، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی، واحد تهران. AghaKouchak, A.; Norouzi, H.; Madani, K.; Mirchi, A. ; Azarderakhsh, M.; Nazemi, A. and Hasanzadeh, E. (2015). Aral Sea syndrome desiccates Lake Urmia: call for action, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 41(1): 307-311. Ahmady-Birgani, H.; McQueen, K. G. and Mirnejad, H. (2018a). Characteristics of mineral dust impacting the Persian Gulf. Aeolian Research, 30, 11-19. Ahmady-Birgani, H.; Agahi, E.; Ahmadi, S.J. and Erfanian, M. (2018b). Sediment Source Fingerprinting of the Lake Urmia Sand Dunes, Scientific reports, 8(1): 206. Ahmady-Birgani, H.; McQueen, K.G.; Moeinaddini, M. and Naseri, H. (2017). Sand Dune Encroachment and Desertification Processes of the Rigboland Sand Sea, Central Iran, Scientific Reports, 7(1): 1523. Ahmady-Birgani, H.: Mirnejad, H.; Feiznia, S. and McQueen, K.G. (2015). Mineralogy and geochemistry of atmospheric particulates in western Iran, Atmospheric Environment, 119: 262-272. Alewell, C.; Birkholz, A.; Meusburger, K.; Schindler Wildhaber, Y. and Mabit, L. (2016). Quantitative sediment source attribution with compound-specific isotope analysis in a C3 plant-dominated catchment (central Switzerland), Biogeosciences, 13(5): 1587-1596. Bagnold, R.A. (1941). The physics of blown sand and desert dunes, Methuen press. Chen, F.; Fang, N. and Shi, Z. (2016). Using biomarkers as fingerprint properties to identify sediment sources in a small catchment, Science of the Total Environment, 557: 123-133. Collins, A.L.; Pulley, S.; Foster, I.D.; Gellis, A.; Porto, P. and Horowitz, A.J. (2017). Sediment source fingerprinting as an aid to catchment management: a review of the current state of knowledge and a methodological decision-tree for end-users, Journal of environmental management, 194: 86-108. Collins, A.L.; Zhang, Y.S.; Duethmann, D.; Walling, D.E. and Black, K.S. (2013). Using a novel tracing‐tracking framework to source fine‐grained sediment loss to watercourses at sub‐catchment scale, Hydrological Processes, 27(6): 959-974. Collins, A.L.; Zhang, Y.; McChesney, D.; Walling, D.E.; Haley, S.M. and Smith, P. (2012). Sediment source tracing in a lowland agricultural catchment in southern England using a modified procedure combining statistical analysis and numerical modelling, Science of the Total Environment, 414: 301-317. Collins, A.L.; Walling, D.E.; Webb, L. and King, P. (2010). Apportioning catchment scale sediment sources using a modified composite fingerprinting technique incorporating property weightings and prior information, Geoderma, 155(3): 249-261. Collins, A.L.; Walling, D.E.; Sichingabula, H.M. and Leeks, G.J.L. (2001). Suspended sediment source fingerprinting in a small tropical catchment and some management implications, Applied Geography, 21(4): 387-412. Collins, A.L.; Walling, D.E. and Leeks, G.J.L. (1998). Use of composite fingerprints to determine the provenance of the contemporary suspended sediment load transported by rivers, Earth surface processes and landforms, 23(1): 31-52. Collins, A.L.; Walling, D.E. and Leeks, G.J.L. (1997a). Use of the geochemical record preserved in floodplain deposits to reconstruct recent changes in river basin sediment sources, Geomorphology, 19(1-2): 151-167. Collins, A.L.; Walling, D.E. and Leeks, G.J.L. (1997b). Source type ascription for fluvial suspended sediment based on a quantitative composite fingerprinting technique, Catena, 29(1): 1-27. Collins, A.L.; Walling, D.E. and Leeks, G.J.L. (1996). Composite fingerprinting of the spatial source of fluvial suspended sediment: a case study of the Exe and Severn River basins, United Kingdom, Géomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement, 2(2): 41-53. Daliakopoulos, I.N.; Tsanis, I.K.; Koutroulis, A.; Kourgialas, N.N.; Varouchakis, A.E.; Karatzas, G.P. and Ritsema, C.J. (2016). The threat of soil salinity: A European scale review, Science of the Total Environment, 573: 727-739. Da Silva, M.T.; De Oliveira Pereira, J.; Vieira, L.J.S. and Petry, A.C. (2013). Hydrological seasonality of the river affecting fish community structure of oxbow lakes: A limnological approach on the Amapá Lake, southwestern Amazon, Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 43(2): 79-90. Du, P. and Walling, D.E. (2017). Fingerprinting surficial sediment sources: Exploring some potential problems associated with the spatial variability of source material properties, Journal of environmental management, 194: 4-15. Evrard, O.; Laceby, J.P.; Huon, S.; Lefèvre, I.; Sengtaheuanghoung, O. and Ribolzi, O. (2016). Combining multiple fallout radionuclides (137Cs, 7Be, 210Pbxs) to investigate temporal sediment source dynamics in tropical, ephemeral riverine systems, Journal of soils and sediments, 16(3): 1130-1144. Foster, I.D.; Lees, J.A.; Owens, P.N. and Walling, D.E. (1998). Mineral magnetic characterization of sediment sources from an analysis of lake and floodplain sediments in the catchments of the Old Mill reservoir and Slapton Ley, South Devon, UK, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(8): 685-703. Gholami, H.; Telfer, M.W.; Blake, W.H. and Fathabadi, A. (2017). Aeolian sediment fingerprinting using a Bayesian mixing model, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. Hatfield, R.G. and Maher, B.A. (2009). Fingerprinting upland sediment sources: Particle size‐specific magnetic linkages between soils, lake sediments and suspended sediments, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34(10): 1359-1373. Horowitz, A.J. (1991). Primer on sediment-trace element chemistry, Lewis Publishers. Hu, G.; Yu, L.; Dong, Z.; Jin, H.; Luo, D.; Wang, Y. and Lai, Z. (2017). Holocene aeolian activity in the Headwater Region of the Yellow River, Northeast Tibet Plateau, China: A first approach by using OSL-dating, Catena, 149: 150-157. Klassen, J. and Allen, D.M. (2017). Assessing the risk of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers, Journal of Hydrology. Lamba, J.; Karthikeyan, K.G. and Thompson, A.M. (2015). Apportionment of suspended sediment sources in an agricultural watershed using sediment fingerprinting, Geoderma, 239: 25-33. Juracek, K.E. and Ziegler, A.C. (2009). Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry lake basin, Kansas, USA, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24(1): 108-125. Liu, B.; Niu, Q.; Qu, J. and Zu, R. (2016). Quantifying the provenance of aeolian sediments using multiple composite fingerprints, Aeolian Research, 22: 117-122. Nosrati, K.; Govers, G.; Ahmadi, H.; Sharifi, F.; Amoozegar, M.A.; Merckx, R. and Vanmaercke, M. (2011). An exploratory study on the use of enzyme activities as sediment tracers: biochemical fingerprints?, International Journal of Sediment Research, 26(2): 136-151. Oldfield, F.; Hao, Q.; Bloemendal, J.A.N.; GIBBS‐EGGAR, Z.O.Ë.; Patil, S. and Guo, Z. (2009). Links between bulk sediment particle size and magnetic grain‐size: general observations and implications for Chinese loess studies, Sedimentology, 56(7): 2091-2106. Petelet-Giraud, E.; Négrel, P.; Aunay, B.; Ladouche, B.; Bailly-Comte, V.; Guerrot, C. and Dörfliger, N. (2016). Coastal groundwater salinization: Focus on the vertical variability in a multi-layered aquifer through a multi-isotope fingerprinting (Roussillon Basin, France), Science of The Total Environment, 566: 398-415. Smith, H.G. and Blake, W.H. (2014). Sediment fingerprinting in agricultural catchments: a critical re-examination of source discrimination and data corrections, Geomorphology, 204: 177-191. The drying of Iran’s Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences Article reproduced from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) (2012). United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification Report (UNCCD Report) (2015). 1-48. Walling, D.E.; Owens, P.N.; Waterfall, B.D.; Leeks, G.J. and Wass, P.D. (2000). The particle size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment in the Humber and Tweed catchments, UK, Science of the Total Environment, 251: 205-222. Yang, L.; Wang, T.; Long, H. and He, Z. (2017). Late Holocene dune mobilization in the Horqin dunefield of northern China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 138: 136-147. Yang, X.; Scuderi, L.; Paillou, P.; Liu, Z.; Li, H. and Ren, X. (2011). Quaternary environmental changes in the drylands of China–a critical review, Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(23): 3219-3233. Zare Chahooki, M.A. (2010). Data analysis in natural resources research using SPSS software, Jahad Daneshgahi Publishers. Zhang, X.J. and Liu, B.L. (2016). Using multiple composite fingerprints to quantify fine sediment source contributions: A new direction, Geoderma, 268: 108-118. Zhao, H.L.; Zhou, R.L.; Zhang, T.H. and Zhao, X.Y. (2006). Effects of desertification on soil and crop growth properties in Horqin sandy cropland of Inner Mongolia, north China, Soil and Tillage Research, 87(2): 175-185. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 498 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 378 |
||