پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,226 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,703 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,009,193 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,691,686 |
تبیین عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی موثر بر آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی در مقابل حملات گرگ در استان همدان | ||
| نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 71، شماره 4، دی 1397، صفحه 523-536 اصل مقاله (1.17 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jne.2018.231855.1373 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا محمدی1؛ محمد کابلی* 1؛ امیر علم بیگی2؛ جوزه ویسنت لوپز بااو3 | ||
| 1دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2گروه اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران. | ||
| 3مرکز تحقیقات تنوع زیستی دانشگاه اود، اسپانیا. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در ایران گرگ یکی از گوشتخوارانی است که با مردم محلی بیشترین تضاد را دارد. متاسفانه تضاد بین انسان و گرگ در استان همدان به اوج خود رسیده است بطوریکه در سالهای اخیر 60 مورد حمله به انسان ( اغلب کودکان و افراد مسن ) و بیش از 100 مورد حمله به دام اهلی در این استان ثبت شده است. یکی از راهکارهای مدیریتی موثر جهت مدیریت این تعارض بررسی نگرش و تعیین ساختار جوامع محلی (از لحاظ اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و غیره) است. با این وجود بیشتر مطالعات صورت گرفته در جهان جنبه‌های تکنیکی کاهش تضاد را بررسی کرده‌اند. به همین دلیل هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی موثر بر آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی در مقابل حملات گرگ در استان همدان است. بدین منظور 400 پرسشنامه طراحی و به تفکیک هر شهرستان در کل استان با مردم محلی ساکن در روستا مصاحبه صورت گرفت. نتایج آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک دوتایی نشان داد متغیر تعداد سگ گله، رها کردن لاشه گرگ در اطراف محل سکونت، دفن لاشه، اندازه گله و انتقال گرگ به مناطق دیگر جزو متغیر‌های معنی‌دار هستند. بطوریکه افزایش تعداد سگ گله میزان آسیب پذیری در برابر حملات گرگ را کاهش خواهد داد. افرادی که اعتقاد دارند رها کردن لاشه گرگ در اطراف محل سکونت آنها منجر به بازگشت گرگ خواهد شد از آسیب پذیری آنها در برابر حملات گرگ کم خواهد شد و آنهایی که لاشه دام اهلی خود را در یک مکان مشخص دفن میکنند میزان آسیب پذیری آنها در برابر حملات گرگ کمتر خواهد شد. دیگر نتایج نشان داد افرادی که گله‌های بزرگتری دارند در برابر حملات گرگ آسیب پذیرتر خواهند بود. افرادی که موافق انتقال گرگها به مناطق دیگر به عنوان یک استراتژی در برابر کاهش حملات گرگ هستند آسیب پذیری کمتری خواهند داشت. در این مطالعه جهت کاهش آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی در برابر حملات گرگ پیشنهاداتی داده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آسیب پذیری جوامع محلی؛ حملات گرگ؛ تضاد؛ استان همدان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on social and cultural factors affecting vulnerability of local communities (Case Study on Wolf Attacks in Hamadan Province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Alireza Mohammadi1؛ Mohammad Kaboli1؛ Amir Alambeigi2؛ Jose – Vicente Lopez Bao3 | ||
| 1Faculty of Natural Resources, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran-Karaj-Iran. | ||
| 33. Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, 33600, Mieres, Spain. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most conflict species in Iran is the grey wolf (Canis lupus). Unfortunately conflict between grey wolf and local communities were increased in Hamden province. So that, recently, 60 incidents of wolf attacks on local communities, mostly children (70 %), and more than100 incidents of wolf attack on livestock were documented. One of the effective management for conflict mitigation is determining local communities' attitude and structure (Social, Cultural, etc.). Although, most mitigation studies investigated only the technical aspects of conflict reduction. In this research we studied an important factor that effect on vulnerability of local communities towards wolf attacks in Hamadan province. To do this, we designed 400 questionnaire and interview with local communities in counties of Hamadan province. Using binary logistic regression we analyzed these data. Our result showed that most important factors on vulnerability of local communities included: Number of guarding dogs, herd size, releasing of domestic carcass near rural area, waste management and translocation of wolves to remote area (wild zoo or protected areas). As well as the number of guarding dogs, risk of wolf attacks to local communities would be decreased. Local communities believing, releasing of domestic carcass near the rural area lead to attractive wolves, would meet less vulnerability. Empirical results indicated that local communities managing their waste, risk of wolf attacks to will be reduce. Larger herd size lead to high encounter rates with wolves. People that agree with translocation of wolves from areas of high livestock density to remote area will be less vulnerable. Management implications to mitigate conflicts between wolf and local communities were discussed. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conflict, Hamadan province, Vulnerability of local people, Wolf attacks | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadi, M., Kaboli, M., Imani harsini, J., Khosravi sharifabadi, R., Almasi, M., 2012. Strategic Management Plan for Wolf (Canis lupus) in Hamedan Province: An Approach to Reducing Human-Wolf Conflicts', Journal of Natural Environment, 65(3), pp. 271-281. Behdarvand, N., Kaboli, M., 2015. Characteristics of gray wolf attacks on humans in an altered landscape in the west of Iran. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 20(2), 112-122. Behdarvand, N., Kaboli, M., Ahmadi, M., Nourani, E., Mahini, A. S., Aghbolaghi, M. A. 2014. Spatial risk model and mitigation implications for wolf–human conflict in a highly modified agro ecosystem in western Iran. Biological Conservation, 177, 156-164. Boitani, L., 1995. Ecological and cultural diversities in the evolution of wolf-human relationships. Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Insti tute, Alberta, Canada, 3. Bradley, E. H., Pletscher, D. H., 2005. Assessing factors related to wolf depredation of cattle in fenced pastures in Montana and Idaho. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 33(4), 1256-1265. Bruskotter, J.T., Wilson, R.S., 2014. Determining Where the Wild Things will be: Using Psychological Theory to Find Tolerance for Large Carnivores. Conservation Letters, 7, 158–165. Daniel, W.W., 1999. Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 7th edn. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Dickman, A. J., 2010. Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human–wildlife conflict. Animal conservation, 13(5), 458-466. Distefano, E., 2005. Human-Wildlife Conflict worldwide: collection of case studies, analysis of management strategies and good practices. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development Initiative (SARDI), Rome, Italy. Available from: FAO Corporate Document repository http://www. fao. Org/documents. Farhadinia, M. S., Johnson, P. J., Hunter, L. T., Macdonald, D. W., 2017. Wolves can suppress goodwill for leopards: Patterns of human-predator coexistence in northeastern Iran. Biological Conservation, 213, 210-217. Gehring, T. M., VerCauteren, K. C., Landry, J. M., 2010. Livestock protection dogs in the 21st century: is an ancient tool relevant to modern conservation challenges?. BioScience, 60(4), 299-308. Ghadirian, T., Qashqaei, A. T., Soofi, M., Abolghasemi, H., Ghoddousi, A., 2017. Diet of Asiatic black bear in its westernmost distribution range, southern Iran. Ursus, 28(1), 15-19. Graham, K., Beckerman, A. P., Thirgood, S., 2005. Human–predator–prey conflicts: ecological correlates, prey losses and patterns of management. Biological Conservation, 122(2), 159-171. Harper, E. K., Paul, W. J., Mech, L. D., 2005. Causes of wolf depredation increase Minnesota from 1979-1998. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 33(3), 888-896. Hasanzadeh, M., Kaboli, M., Khosravi, R., Ahmadi, M., 2012. The Investigation of Relation Between Waste Composition, Wolf (Canis lupus) and Their Conflicts with Native People in Hamedan Province', Journal of Natural Environment, 65(1), pp. 45-52. Hosseini Zavarei, F., Mohammadi Moqanaki, E., Farhadinia, M., Sohrabinia, S., Jafarzadeh, F., Sharbafi, E. .,2016. 'Wolf depredation of livestock and its impact on local people's attitude and economy in Anguran Wildlife Refuge, Zanjan province', Animal Environment, 7(4), pp. 21-30. Iliopoulos, Y., Sgardelis, S., Koutis, V., Savaris, D., 2009. Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece. Acta theriologica, 54(1), 11-22. Johansson, M., Frank, J., 2016. The impact of access to an ultrasonic scaring device on human fear of wolves. Wildlife Biology, 22, 29-36. Khorozyan, I., Soofi, M., Soufi, M., Hamidi, A. K., Ghoddousi, A., Waltert, M., 2017. Effects of shepherds and dogs on livestock depredation by leopards (Panthera pardus) in north-eastern Iran. PeerJ, 5, e3049. Krithivasan, R., Athreya, V., Odden, M., 2009. Human-wolf conflict in human dominated landscapes of Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra. Rufford Small Grants Foundation for Nature Conservation, 1-53. Linkie, M., Haidir, I. A., Nugroho, A., Dinata, Y., 2008. Conserving tigers Panthera tigris in selectively logged Sumatran forests. Biological Conservation, 141(9), 2410-2415. Linnell, J. D. C., Andersen, R., Andersone, Z., Balciauskas, L., Blanco, J. C., Boitani, L., Wabakken, P., 2002. The fear of wolves: a review of wolf attacks on people. NINA Oppdragsmelding 731: 65pp. 731. Loe, J., Roskaft, E., 2004. Large carnivores and human safety: a review. Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment, 33(6), 283-288. López-Bao J .V., Kaczensky, P., Linnell, J.D., Boitani, L., Chapron, G., 2015. Carnivore coexistence: wilderness not required. Science, 348(6237), 871-872. Marashi, M., Qashqaei, A. T., Marashi, M., Nejat, F., 2017. Seasonal human-brown bear conflicts in northern Iran: implications for conservation. Zoology and Ecology, 27(2), 100-102. Marker, L. L., Dickman, A. J., Macdonald, D. W., 2005. Perceived effectiveness of livestock-guarding dogs placed on Namibian farms. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 58(4), 329-336. Marker, L., Fund, C. C., 2005. Conservation of the Cheetah in Namibia. Cheetah Conservation Fund. Annual Progress report. Otjiwarongo, Namibia. McNay, M. E., 2002. Wolf-human interactions in Alaska and Canada: a review of the case history. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 831-843. Mech, D., Boitani, L (Eds)., 2003 .Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. University Chicago Press. Murray, M., Cembrowski, A., Latham, A. D. M., Lukasik, V. M., Pruss, S., St Clair, C. C., 2015. Greater consumption of protein‐poor anthropogenic food by urban relative to rural coyotes increases diet breadth and potential for human–wildlife conflict. Ecography, 38(12), 1235-1242. Musiani, M., Mamo, C., Boitani, L., Callaghan, C., Gates, C. C., Mattei, L., Volpi, G., 2003. Wolf depredation trends and the use of fladry barriers to protect livestock in western North America. Conservation Biology, 17(6), 1538-1547. Naderi M. Risk Mapping of Wolf (Canis lupus) Attacks on Human and Livestock in Ardabil Province by Spatial Modeling Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Method., 2017.Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology ( ijae). 6 (1) :15-27. Newsome, T. M., Boitani, L., Chapron, G., Ciucci, P., Dickman, C. R., Dellinger, J. A., Ripple, W. J., 2016. Food habits of the world's grey wolves. Mammal Review, 46(4), 255-269. Penteriani, V., del Mar Delgado, M., Pinchera, F., Naves, J., Fernández-Gil, A., Kojola, I., Sahlén, V., 2016. Human behaviour can trigger large carnivore attacks in developed countries. Scientific reports, 6. Qashqaei, A. T., Karami, M., Etemad, V., 2014. Wildlife conflicts between humans and Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, in the Central Zagros, Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, 60(2), 107-110. Rajpurohit, K. S., 1999. Child lifting: wolves in Hazaribagh, India. Ambio-Journal of Human Environment Research and Management, 28(2), 162-166. Redpath, S. M., Young, J., Evely, A., Adams, W. M., Sutherland, W. J., Whitehouse, A., Gutierrez, R. J., 2013. Understanding and managing conservation conflicts. Trends in ecology and evolution, 28(2), 100-109. Rigg, R., Finďo, S., Wechselberger, M., Gorman, M. L., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Macdonald, D. W., 2011. Mitigating carnivore–livestock conflict in Europe: lessons from Slovakia. Oryx, 45(02), 272-280. Ripple, W. J., Estes, J. A., Beschta, R. L., Wilmers, C. C., Ritchie, E. G., Hebblewhite, M., Wirsing, A. J., 2014. Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores. Science, 343(6167), 1241484. Smith, M. E., Linnell, J. D., Odden, J., Swenson, J. E., 2000. Review of methods to reduce livestock depradation: I. Guardian animals. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A-Animal Science, 50(4), 279-290. Thirgood, S., Woodroffe, R., Rabinowitz, A., 2005. The impact of human-wildlife conflict on human lives and livelihoods. Conservation biology series – Cambridge -, 9, 13. Treves, A., Karanth., K. U., 2003. Human-carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide. Conservation biology, 17(6), 1491-1499. Treves, A., Naughton‐Treves, L. I. S. A., Harper, E. K., Mladenoff, D. J., Rose, R. A., Sickley, T. A., Wydeven, A. P., 2004. Predicting human‐carnivore conflict: A spatial model derived from 25 years of data on wolf predation on livestock. Conservation Biology, 18(1), 114-125. Weiss, K., Hamann, M., Kinney, M., Marsh, H., 2012. Knowledge exchange and policy influence in a marine resource governance network. Global Environmental Change, 22(1), 178-188. Woodroffe, R. O. S. I. E., Thirgood, S. I. M. O. N., Rabinowitz, A. L. A. N., 2005. The impact of human-wildlife conflict on natural systems. Conservation biology series – Cambridge - 9, 1. Woodroffe, R., 2000. Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Animal conservation, 3(02), 165-173. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 400 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 421 |
||