Comparison between Salt crystallization weathering test and natural weathering in Mesozoic’s anisotropic rocks, a case study: Arakʾs Calcareous slates, Iran

Anon, 1979. Classification of rocks and soils for engineering geological mapping. Rock and soil materials (Part 1). Bulletin International Association Engineering Geology, 19:355–371.##
Cardell, C., Rivals, T., Mosquera, M.J et al., 2003. Patterns of damage in igneous and sedimentary rocks under conditions simulating sea-salt weathering. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28: 1–14.##
Cárdenes, V., Mateos, F., Rubio Ordoñez, A., Monterroso, C., 2012. Standard tests for the characterization of roofing slate pathologies. Materiales de Construccion, 62: 251–268.##
Coussy, O., 2006. Deformation and stress from in-pore drying-induced crystallization of salt. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 54: 1517–1547.##
Diamantis, K., Gartos, E., Migiros, G., 2014. Influence of petrographic characteristics on physic-mechanical properties of ultrabasic rocks from central Greece. Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment, 73: 1273-1292.##
Fereidooni, D., Assessing the effects of mineral content and porosity on ultrasonic wave velocity, Geomechanics and Engineering. 14(4), DOI: 10.12989/gae.2018.14.4.399.##
Fereidooni, D., Ghobadi, M.H., 2015. Effect of mineralogy on durability and strength of hornfelsic rocks under acidic rainfall in urban areas. Journal of Engineering Geology, 9: 2765-2788.##
Fereidooni, D., Khanlari, G.H., et al., 2016. Assessment of inherent anisotropy and confining pressure influences on the mechanical behavior of anisotropic foliated rocks under triaxial compression. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49: 2155-2163.##
Gamble, J.C., 1971. Durability-Plasticity Classification of shales and other argillaceous rocks. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urabana, 171 pp.##
Gautam, T.P., Shakoor, A., 2013. Slaking behavior of clay-bearing rocks during a one-year exposure to natural climatic conditions. Engineering Geology, 166:17–25.##
Ghadimi, F., Ghomi, M., Ranjbar, M., Hajati, A., 2013. Sources of contamination in rainwater by major and heavy elements in Arak, Iran. Journal of Water Sciences Research, 5: 67-84.##
Heidari, M., Torabi-Kaveh, M., Chastre, C., Ludovico-Marques, M., Mohseni, H., Akefi, H., 2017. Determination of weathering degree of the Persepolis stone under laboratory and natural conditions using fuzzy inference system. Construction and Building Materials, 145: 28–41.##
Heng, S., Guo, Y., Yang, Ch., et al., 2015. Experimental and theoretical study of the anisotropic properties of shale. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 74: 58–6.##
Ikari, M.J., Niemeijer, A.R., Marone, C., 2015. Experimental investigation of an incipient shear failure in foliated rock. Journal of Structural Geology, 77: 82-91.##
International Society for Rock Mechanics, 2007. In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds.) Suggested Methods Prepared by the Commission on Testing Methods. Ankara, Turkey, 628 pp.##
Kessler, D.W., Sligh, W.H., 1932. Physical properties and weathering characteristics of slates, Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, 9: 377-411.##
Khanlari, G.R., Heidari, M., Sepahigero, A.A., Fereidooni, D., 2014. Quantification of strength anisotropy of
metamorphic rocks of the Hamedan province, Iran, as determined from a cylindrical punch, point load, and Brazilian tests. Journal of Engineering Geology, 169: 80–90.##
Koniorczyk, M., Gawin, D., 2012. Modeling of salt crystallization in building materials with microstructure
photomechanical approach. Construction and Building Materials, 3: 6860–6873.##
Lourens, A.R., PelT, L., Henk, P.H., Kopinga, K., 2005. Salt crystallization as damage mechanism in porous building materials - a nuclear magnetic resonance study. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 23: 273–276.##
Momeni, A.A., Khanlari, G.R., Heidari, M., Sepahi, A.A., Bazvand, E., 2015. New engineering geological weathering classifications for granitoid rocks. Engineering Geology, 185: 43–51.##
Modestou, S., Theodoridou, M., Ioannou, I., 2015. Micro-destructive mapping of the salt crystallization front in
limestone. Engineering Geology, 193: 337–347.##
Nara, Y., Morimoto, K., Yoneda, T., Hiroyoshi, N., Kaneko, K., 2011. Effects of humidity and temperature on subcritical Comparison between salt crystallization weathering test and natural weathering… 277 crack growth in sandstone. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 48:1130–1140.##
Rivas, T., Iglesias, J., Taboada, J., Vilán, J.A., 2011. Oxidacion de sulfurous en pizarra ornamental: tratamientos protectors con siloxanos. Materiales de Construccion, 62: 115–130.##
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Doehne, E., 1999. Salt weathering: influence of evaporation rate, supersaturation, and
crystallization pattern. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24:191–209.##
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Doehne, E., Sebastian, E., 2000. How does sodium sulfate crystallize? Implications for the decay and testing of building materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 30:1527–1534.##
Stryszewska, T., Kanka,, S., 2017. The effects of salt crystallization in ceramic bricks in terms of line deformations. Procedia Engineering. 193: 120–127.##
Walsh, J.A., 2007. The use of the scanning electron microscope in the determination of the mineral composition of Ballachulish slate. Materials Characterization, 58:1095–1103.##
Ward, C., Gómez-Fernandez, F., 2003. Quantitative mineralogical analysis of Spanish roofing slates using the Relived method and X-ray powder diffraction data. European Journal Of Mineralogy, 15:1051–1062.##
White, S.E., 1976. Is frost action really only hydration shattering? A review. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 8: 1–6.##
Zedef, V., Doyen, K. A., Ozsen, H., Kekec, B., 2007. Effect of salt crystallization on stones of historical buildings and monuments, Konya, Central Turkey. Building and Environment journal, 42: 1453–1457##