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تعهدات حقوق بشری و شرکت‌های فراملی با تأکید بر رویکرد شورای حقوق بشر | ||
| مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 17، دوره 9، شماره 2، مهر 1397، صفحه 829-849 اصل مقاله (441.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcl.2018.268894.633749 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید هادی محمودی1؛ منصوره صدیقیان کاشانی* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشکدۀ حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بینالملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شرکت‌های فراملی یکی از بازیگران اصلی سیاسی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی دنیای معاصر هستند. این شرکت‌ها افزون بر دستاوردهای مناسب و مطلوبی که در عرصه‌های مختلف به‌جا گذاشته‌اند، آسیب‌هایی به‌ویژه در حوزۀ حقوق بشر رقم زده‌اند. این موضوع به یک مسئلۀ اختلافبرانگیز در حوزۀ حقوق بینالملل بشر منجر شده است که آیا شرکت‌های فراملی تعهدات حقوق بشری دارند؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش، دو رویکرد اصلی شکل گرفته است؛ نخست، رویکرد اخلاقی که معتقد است حقوق بشر به‌‌عنوان تعهدات بنیادین اخلاقیِ ازپیش موجود، به همه موجودیت‌ها ازجمله شرکت‌های فراملی قابل انتساب است. دوم، رویکرد نهادی که می‌گوید حقوق بشر همان حقوقی است که در اعلامیۀ جهانی حقوق بشر و اسناد بین‌المللی بعدی آمده است و اینکه دولت‌ها متعهدان اصلی در قبال حقوق بشر به‌شمار می‌آیند. به اعتقاد رویکرد اخیر، عدم انتساب مستقیم تعهدات حقوق بشری به شرکت‌های فراملی، روش مناسب‌تری برای صیانت از حقوق بشر است. این مقاله با ارزیابی هر دو رویکرد و همچنین توجه به اسناد شورای حقوق بشر چنین نتیجه‌گیری می‌کند که اگرچه شرکت‌های فراملی تعهدات حقوق بشری دارند، اما همچنان این دولت‌ها هستند که متعهد مستقیم تعهدات حقوق بشری به‌شمار می‌آیند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تعهدات حقوق بشری؛ حقوق بشر؛ شرکت‌های فراملی؛ شورای حقوق بشر؛ نقض حقوق بشر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Human Rights Obligations and Transnational Corporations with Emphasis on Human Rights Council Approach | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| s.hadi mahmoody1؛ mansoreh seddiqian kashani2 | ||
| 1shahid beheshti university | ||
| 2shahid beheshti university | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Transnational Corporations (TCs) are one of the principal participants in the political, social and economic contemporary world. These corporations have put out desire and appropriate achievements, as well as harmful disorders in human rights domains. The latter has led to the disputed problematique in international law. Have TCs any human rights obligations? In response to this question, two main approaches have formed: The first is the ethical approach which argues that human rights as a priori fundamental ethical obligations are assignable to all entities including TCs. The second is institutional approach which says human rights are those rights that have listed in Human Rights Declaration and subsequent international instruments and contemplates that states are principal duty bearers towards human rights obligations. According to the recent approach, the lack of direct assignment of human rights obligations to TCs is a more appropriate way to protect these rights. This article examines both approaches as well as attention to the documents of the Human Rights Council which has produced many documents in this respect and concludes although TCs have human rights obligations but still the States are being considered direct duty bearers towards human rights obligations. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| human rights, Transnational Corporations, Human Rights Council, States | ||
| مراجع | ||
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