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اثر هم‌زمان شوری و مکش ماتریک خاک بر میزان تبخیر و توزیع مجدد رطوبت و شوری در دو خاک با بافت متفاوت | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 50، شماره 1، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398، صفحه 89-98 اصل مقاله (824.75 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.248788.667826 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهناز ختار* 1؛ محمد حسین محمدی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دوره دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| افزایش روزافزون شوری، یکی از مشکلات اصلی زمینهای کشاورزی به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک میباشد که نرخ تبخیر-تعرق زیادی دارند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر هم‌زمان شوری در پنج سطح 2، 4، 8، 16 و 20 دسی زیمنس بر متر برای گندم و 7/0، 2، 4، 6 و 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر برای لوبیا، با مکش ماتریک در چهار سطح 2، 6، 10 و 33 کیلو پاسکال، بر نرخ تبخیر و توزیع مجدد رطوبت و شوری در دو خاک لوم شنی و لوم رسی بود که به صورتآزمایشفاکتوریلوباطرحپایهکاملاًتصادفیباسه تکراربهصورت کشت گلدانی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای شوری و مکش ماتریک به‌ویژه در خاک لوم رسی، روند تبخیر را با گذشت زمان تحت تأثیر قرار داده و این اثر در مکشها و شوریهای زیاد بیشتر بود. کمترین اثر شوری بر میزان تبخیر، در بیشترین سطح رطوبتی خاک مشاهده شد، زیرا به دلیل فراهمی آب، شوری نتوانست بر میزان تبخیر مؤثر باشد. به طوری که در مکش ماتریک 2 کیلو پاسکال، نرخ تبخیر در همه سطوح شوری تقریباً یکسان بود و بیشترین میزان تبخیر را در تمام روزهای بعد از اعمال تیمار داشت. در روز پانزدهم بعد از اعمال تیمار و تحت مکش 33 کیلو پاسکال، افزایش شوری از 7/0 تا 20 دسی زیمنس بر متر، میزان تبخیر را 19 درصد در هردو خاک کاهش داد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که شوری عصاره اشباع خاکهایی که تحت مکش ثابت 10 کیلو پاسکال زهکشی شدند به صورت نمایی با کاهش رطوبت افزایش یافت و این روند در خاک لوم رسی به دلیل زیاد بودن نسبت بین میزان تبخیر به زهکشی این خاک در مقایسه با خاک لوم شنی، تغییرات بیشتری داشت. توزیع مجدد شوری با گذشت زمان در هر دو خاک و برای هر دو گیاه تقریباً یکسان و به صورت افزایشی بود. همچنین با گذشت زمان، کاهش رطوبت، مخصوصاً در شوریهای پایین در خاک لوم رسی بیشتر از خاک لوم شنی بود. Simultaneous Effect of Soil Salinity and Matric Suction on Evaporation and Redistribution of Moisture and Salinity in Two Soils with Different Textures | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توزیع مجدد شوری؛ توزیع مجدد رطوبت؛ تبخیر؛ زهکشی؛ مکش ماتریک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Simultaneous Effect of Soil Salinity and Matric Suction on Evaporation and Redistribution of Moisture and Salinity in Two Soils with Different Textures | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahnaz Khataar1؛ Mohmmad Hosein Mohammadi2 | ||
| 1Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor. Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Daily increasing salinity is one of the main problems of agricultural lands, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, with high evapotranspiration rates. The purpose of this research was to investigate the simultaneous effect of salinity at five levels 2, 4, 8, 16 and 20 dSm-1 for wheat and 0.7, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dSm-1 for bean and matric suction at four levels 2, 6, 10 and 33 kPa, on evaporation rate and redistribution of moisture and salinity in the soil profiles of sandy loam and clay loam. This study was conducted in greenhouse conditions in pots by compeletly randomized factorial desigh with 3 replicates. It was found that evaporation rate decreased by time in the saline and water stress treatments, especially in the clay loam soils, and this reduction was more in the high suction and salinity levels. The lowest evaporation reduction was observed in treatments with the highest soil moisture content. Because, water availability reduced the salinity effect on evaporation. As, at the 2kPa matric suction, the evaporation rate was approximately the same at all levels of salinity and the highest throughout the day after treatment. In the 15th day after treatment and at the 33kPa suction, different salinity levels (from 0.7 to 20 dSm-1) reduced the evaporation rate by 19% in both soils. Also, the results showed that the ECe of the drained soils with 10kPa constant suction increased exponentially with moisture reduction. This trend was more in the clay loam soils. Because the evaporation/drainage ratio of the clay loam soil is more than the one in the sandy loam soil. The salinity redistribution in the both soil profiles and for the two plants were almost constant over time. Also, moisture reduction over the time was higher in the clay loam soil than the one in the sandy loam soil, especially under low salinities. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Salinity redistribution, Moisture redistribution, Evaporation, Drainage, Matric suction | ||
| مراجع | ||
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