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اثر محلولپاشی گیاه مادری به وسیله قارچ‌کش‌های مختلف بر سلامت، جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر سویا | ||
| به زراعی کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 21، شماره 2، تیر 1398، صفحه 167-180 اصل مقاله (932.88 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jci.2019.275345.2156 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی گرزین1؛ فرشید قادری فر* 2؛ سید اسماعیل رضوی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلولپاشی قارچ‌کش‌های مختلف بر کیفیت بذر سویا آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال 1395 انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل دو تاریخ کاشت بهاره (28 اردیبهشت) و تابستانه (10 تیر) و عامل فرعی شامل محلولپاشی با قارچ‌کش‌های مختلف از قبیل بنومیل، مانکوزب، پروپیکونازول، تیوفانات متیل، کاربندازیم و شاهد در دو مرحله رشدی R3 و R6 بود. برای ارزیابی کیفیت محمولههای بذری تولیدی از آزمونهای جوانه‌زنی، تسریع پیری، هدایت الکتریکی و سلامت بذر استفاده شد. در این تحقیق دو قارچ آلترناریا و فوزاریوم در محمولههای بذری مشاهده شد. میزان شیوع فوزاریوم در کلیه تیمارها بسیار پایین (کمتر از هفت درصد) بود. بنابراین، سلامت بذر بیشتر تحت تأثیر آلترناریا قرار داشت. درصد بذرهای سالم در کشت بهاره 48/21 درصد بیشتر از کشت تابستانه بود. همه قارچ‌کش‌های مورد استفاده (بهویژه پروپیکونازول و تیوفانات متیل) سلامت، قابلیت جوانه‌زنی و قدرت بذر را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به طور معنیداری افزایش دادند. کشت تابستانه با وجود آلودگیهای قارچی بیشتر، به دلیل برخورد مراحل نمو بذر (R5-R8) با دماهای پایینتر دارای جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر بیشتری در مقایسه با بذرهای حاصل از کشت بهاره بودند. درواقع، دما عامل مهمتری در تعیین قابلیت جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر در مقایسه با عوامل بیماریزا بود. بنابراین، برای دستیابی به حداکثر کیفیت بذر، بهتر است از کشت تابستانه همراه با کاربرد قارچ‌کش‌های مناسب از جمله پروپیکونازول و تیوفانات متیل در دو مرحله R3 و R6، استفاده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آلترناریا؛ دما؛ رطوبت نسبی؛ فوزاریوم؛ کیفیت بذر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of foliar spraying of maternal plant by different fungicide on the health, germination and vigour of soybean seeds | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Morteza Gorzin1؛ Farshid Ghaderi-Far2؛ Seyed Esmaeil Razavi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate effects of different fungicide spraying treatments on soybean seed quality, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources in 2016. Two spring (May 28) and summer (July 10) planting dates performed at main plots and fungicides spraying including benomyl, mancozeb, propiconazole, methyl thiophanate, carbendazim and control in two stages R3 and R6 were done in sub plots. Germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and seed health tests were used to evaluate the quality of seeds. Two fungi Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. spread were observed in seed lots, but lower prevalence for Fusarium sp.. Therefore, seed health was most affected by Alternaria sp.. The percentage of healthy seeds in spring sowing date was 21.48% higher than summer sowing date. All used fungicides (especially propiconazole and methyl thiophanate) significantly increased the health, germination, and vigor of seeds compared to control. The produced seeds in summer planting despite of more fungal infection, had higher seed germination and vigor than seeds of spring crops, because of exposing the seed development stages (R5-R8) to low temperatures. In the fact that, air temperature during seed development stages was more important in determining seed germination and vigor compared to pathogens. Therefore, in order to achieve high seed quality, it is appropriate to use summer planting with the utility of suitable fungicides such as propiconazole and methyl thiophanate at R3 and R6 growth stages. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Alternaria sp, Fusarium sp, relative humidity, seed quality, temperature | ||
| مراجع | ||
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