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تأثیر شاخصهای توپوگرافی و خصوصیات خاک بر عملکرد گندم دیم در اراضی لسی منطقه توشن، شمال ایران | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 51، شماره 1، فروردین 1399، صفحه 93-105 اصل مقاله (1.03 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.261282.667957 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمد عجمی1؛ احمد حیدری* 1؛ فرهاد خرمالی2؛ منوچهر گرجی3؛ شمس اله ایوبی4 | ||
1دانشگاه تهران | ||
2دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
3پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه علوم خاک | ||
4دانشگاه اصفهان | ||
چکیده | ||
توپوگرافی با اثرگذاری بر کیفیت خاک، میتواند تولید محصولات کشاورزی را به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. به منظور ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی عملکرد گندم و ایجاد مدلهای رگرسیونی بین عملکرد محصول و خصوصیات خاک و توپوگرافی، منطقه توشن در استان گلستان انتخاب گردید. نمونهبرداری گندم و خاک به صورت تصادفی از 100 نقطه از موقعیتهای مختلف شیب صورت پذیرفت. تجزیه فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاکها و اندازهگیری مؤلفههای عملکرد گندم انجام شد. مدل رقومی ارتفاع تهیه شد و ویژگیهای پستی و بلندی محاسبه گردید. بیشترین عملکرد کل و بیشترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به میزان 53/14 و 41/4 تن در هکتار در اراضی با شیب کمتر از 10 درصد بهدست آمد که اختلاف معنیداری با طبقه پرشیب نشان میدهد. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد کل با مقادیر میانگین 82/15 و 68/5 تن در هکتار به ترتیب مربوط به موقعیتهای پنجه شیب و شانه شیب بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از موقعیتهای پای شیب و پنجه شیب به دست آمد. مقادیر میانگین عملکرد دانه در پای شیب برابر با 61/4 و در پنجه شیب 66/4 تن در هکتار بود. انحنای سطح زمین و شاخص خیسی ارتباط قابل ملاحظهای با عملکرد محصول گندم داشتند. بر طبق معادلههای تجزیه رگرسیون شاخصهای پستی و بلندی به خوبی قادر به توجیه تغییرپذیری مکانی عملکرد بودند که این امر نشان دهنده اهمیت این عوامل از طریق تأثیر بر توزیع رطوبت در فرآیند تولید محصول در منطقه مورد مطالعه است. افزایش مؤلفههای عملکرد گندم در این مطالعه که در قسمتهای پایین شیب مشهود است را میتوان به افزایش عمق خاک و آب قابل استفاده گیاه و تجمع بیشتر مواد آلی و عناصر غذائی نظیر نیتروژن و پتاسیم به واسطه فرآیند فرسایش و تجمع آن در این موقعیتها مربوط دانست. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
موقعیت شیب؛ شاخص خیسی؛ پیشبینی تولید | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Effect of Topography Indices and Soil Characteristics on Rainfed Wheat Yield in Loess Lands of Toshan Area, Northern Iran | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mohammad Ajami1؛ Ahmad Heidari1؛ Farhad Khormali2؛ Manoochehr Gorji3؛ Shamsolah Ayoubi4 | ||
1University of Tehran | ||
2University of Gorgan | ||
3University of Tehran | ||
4Isfahan University of Technology | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Topography by affecting soil quality can significantly affect the production of agricultural products. This study was conducted in Toshan area of Golestan province to evaluate the spatial variation of wheat production and to create regression models between the crop, soil, and topography characteristics. Wheat and soil sampling from different slope positions were collected randomly from 100 points. Soil physical-chemical analyses and wheat yield parameter measurements were carried out. The digital elevation model was prepared, and topographic attributes were calculated. The results showed that the highest total yield (14.53 t/ha) and grain yield (4.41 t/ha) were observed in <10% slope class, which showed a significant difference compared to steeper slopes. The highest (15.82 t/ha) and the lowest (5.68 t/ha) total mean yields were corresponded to paw slope and shoulder slope, respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained from the foot slope and paw slope. The amounts of mean grain yield were 4.61 t/ha in foot slope and 4.66 t/ha in paw slope. Curvature and wetness index had a remarkable relationship with wheat yield. According to the regression analyses, topography indexes have been able to explain the spatial variability of yield, indicating the importance of these factors' impact on water distribution in yield production process in the studied area. Increasing yield productions in low slope positions in this study was probably due to increasing in soil depth and plant available water, as well as accumulation of organic matter and nutrient elements such as nitrogen and potassium due to deposition of eroded materials in these positions. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Slope position, Wetness index, Yield prediction | ||
مراجع | ||
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