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اثر رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعهای در تعیین و ارزیابی شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 50، شماره 4، شهریور 1398، صفحه 836-846 اصل مقاله (870.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.262540.667973 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه مسکینی ویشکایی* 1؛ رسول میرخانی2 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برآورد بسیاری از شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک مستلزم تعیین رطوبت خاک در نقطه ظرفیت مزرعهای (FC) است. لذا هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی اثر مکشهای مختلف معادل رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعهای بر مقدار شاخصهای مختلف کیفیت فیزیکی خاک و سپس ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی خاکهای مورد مطالعه برمبنای شاخصهای محاسبه شده بود. در این پژوهش از 35 نمونه خاک از اراضی کشاورزی استان البرز استفاده و شاخصهای S دکستر، ظرفیت هوا، آب قابل استفاده گیاه و ظرفیت مزرعهای نسبی محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که براساس شاخص S دکستر، تنها 20 درصد از نمونههای خاک در گروه کیفیت فیزیکی ضعیف (035/0 > S) قرار گرفتند و سایر نمونههای خاک از کیفیت فیزیکی خوب یا بهتری برخوردار بودند (80 درصد). درحالیکه نتایج سایر شاخصها نشان داد که با فرض رطوبت FC در مکشهای 100، 330 سانتیمتر و مکش محاسبه شده براساس مفهوم شدت زهکشی ناچیز، بهترتیب 12، 44 و 70 درصد از نمونههای خاک از لحاظ تهویه، قابلیت دسترسی آب خاک و فعالیت میکروبی، کیفیت فیزیکی مناسبی داشتند. بین میانگین رطوبت FC در مکش معادل 330 سانتیمتر و روش پیشنهادی براساس شدت زهکشی ناچیز اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، میتوان از شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک بر مبنای رطوبت FC در مکش 330 سانتیمتر برای ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی در خاکهای مورد مطالعه استفاده نمود. نتایج نشان داد که علیرغم توانایی خوب شاخص S دکستر، استفاده از سایر شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک موجب ارزیابی جامعتری از محدودیتهای فیزیکی خاک بر رشد گیاه میگردد اما تعیین شاخصهای کیفیت فیزیکی خاک مستلزم برآورد صحیحی از مقدار رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعهای خاک میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آب قابل استفاده گیاه؛ شاخص S دکستر؛ شاخص ظرفیت مزرعهای نسبی؛ شاخص ظرفیت هوا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Field Capacity in Determination and Evaluation of the Soil Physical Quality Indices | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee1؛ Rasoul Mirkhani2 | ||
| 1Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Estimating the soil physical indices requires determination of soil moisture content at field capacity (FC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various soil suctions according to field capacity on different soil physical quality indices and subsequently to evaluate the soil physical quality based on the calculated indices. In this study, 35 soil samples from agricultural lands of Alborz province were used to calculate Dexter's S, air capacity, plant available water and relative field capacity indices. The results showed that only 20 % of the soil samples were in weak soil physical quality groups (S < 0.035) and the rest of soil samples had a good or better soil physical quality (80 %) on the basis of Dexter's S index. However, the results of other indices showed by assuming a FC moisture content at soil suction of 100, 330 cm and calculated suction based on the negligible drainage rate concept, 12, 44 and 70% of soil samples, respectively had a good physical quality in terms of soil aeration, water availability and microbial activity. There was no significant difference between the average FC at equivalent soil suction of 330 cm and the proposed approach based on the negligible drainage rate. Hence, the soil physical indices based on FC at soil suction of 330 cm can be used to evaluate the soil physical quality of the studied soils. Moreover, the results showed that despite of good ability of S index, use of other soil physical quality indices leads to a more comprehensive assessment of soil physical limitation on crop growth. However, determination of the soil quality indices requires an accurate estimation of soil moisture content at the field capacity. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Air capacity index, Dexter's S index, Plant available water, Relative field capacity index | ||
| مراجع | ||
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