پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,502 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,116,628 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,221,341 |
استخراج هیومیک اسید از زغالسنگهای لیگنایت با استفاده از راکتورهای مخزنی همزندار (STRs): ارزیابی پارامترهای فرآیند و خواص محصول نهایی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 50، شماره 5، مهر 1398، صفحه 1111-1125 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2018.260201.667947 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احسان سرلکی* 1؛ محمد سخندان توماج2؛ علی شریف پاقلعه3؛ محمدحسین کیانمهر4؛ امید نیکوصفت5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، گروه مهندسی فنی کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شهرکرد. | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه مهندسی فناوری صنایع غذایی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران. | ||
| 4استاد/ گروه مهندسی فن‌آوری کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 5دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی تکنیک). | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استخراج هیومیک اسید از زغالسنگهای لیگنایت غنی از ترکیبات هیومیکی، در سالهای اخیر بهعنوان یک موضوع و فرصت برجسته تحقیقاتی مطرح شده است. تکنیک رایج برای استخراج هیومیک اسید بر پایه حلالیت آن‌ها در محیطهای قلیایی و اسیدی است. اکثر پژوهشها، مدت‌زمان استخراج و تفکیک هیومیک اسید را 24 ساعت و بازده استخراج را بین 10 تا %80 گزارش کردهاند. در این پژوهش، شدتبخشی استخراج هیومیک اسید از زغالسنگهای لیگنایت، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور، ابتدا یک راکتور مخزنی همزندار ناپیوسته طراحی و سپس ساخته شد. پارامترهای عملیاتی فرآیند مانند دما در سه سطح (50، 70 و 90 درجه سلسیوس)، مدت‌زمان فرآیند در سه سطح (1، 2 و 4 ساعت) و سرعت همزنی در سه سطح (250، 550 و 850 دور بر دقیقه) بهعنوان متغیرهای مستقل و بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید بهعنوان متغیر وابسته در نظر گرفته شدند و بازده راکتور ساختهشده با روش مرسوم (دستگاه هات پلیت) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج آماری تجزیه واریانس (ANOVA) حاصل از تحلیل دادهها، اختلاف معنیداری در بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید با راکتور ساختهشده و روش هاتپلیت نشان داد. تحت شرایط یکسان دما، سرعت همزن و مدت‌زمان فرآیند، بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید با راکتور در مقایسه با روش هاتپلیت به میزان %30 بیشتر بود. بیشترین بازده استخراج هیومیک اسید توسط راکتور در دمای 90 درجه سلسیوس، سرعت همزنی 850 دور بر دقیقه و زمان فرآیند 4 ساعت حاصل شد. در این شرایط، 8/56 درصد هیومیک اسید از زغالسنگهای لیگنایت، استخراج و جداسازی شد. نتایج آنالیز کیفی طیفسنجی FT-IR، یک ساختار غالب آروماتیک و غنی از گروههای عاملی کربوکسیلی، فنولی و هیدروکسیلی با زنجیرههای جانبی آلیفاتیک را در ساختار هیومیک اسید نشان داد. نتایج آنالیز CHNOS و نسبتهای اتمی (C/N، O/C و H/C) نیز علاوه بر تائید کیفیت زغالسنگ استفادهشده، شاخصهای کیفی هیومیک اسید استخراجشده را با نمونههای هیومیک اسید استاندارد IHSS و تجاری آلدریچ مطابقت میدهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| هیومیک اسید؛ زغالسنگهای لیگنایت؛ بازده استخراج؛ شدتبخشی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite Coals using Stirred Tank Reactors (STRs): Assessment of Process Parameters and Final Product Charaterization | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ehsan Sarlaki Sarlaki1؛ Mohammad Sokhandan Toomaj2؛ Ali Sharif Paghaleh3؛ Mohamadhosein Kianmehr4؛ Omid Nikousefat5 | ||
| 1ph.D student of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Department of Agro-Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran. | ||
| 2Ph.D Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, University of Shahrekord. | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Food Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran. | ||
| 4Professor, Department of Agro-Technology Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran. | ||
| 5Ph.D Student, Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic). | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extraction of humic acid (HA) from lignite coals that are rich in humic compounds has been highlighted in recent years as a superior and prominent research issue. The conventional technique used to extract HA is based on their solubility in alkaline and acidic mediums. Most litertures have reported the extraction time and separation of HA to be 24 hours and the extraction efficiency between 10 to 80%. In this research, the intensification of HA extraction from lignite coals has been studied. For this purpose, a batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) was first designed and then fabricated. The processing parameters such as temperature at three levels (50, 70 and 90° C), process time at three levels (1, 2 and 4 hours) and stirring speed at three levels (250, 550 and 850 rpm) were considered as independent variables and extraction yield of HA was considered as dependent variable and the performance of the constructed reactor was compared with a conventional method (Hot Plate device). The statistical results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the yield of HA extraction with the reactor and Hot Plate method. Under the same conditions of temperature, stirred speed and process time, the yield of HA extraction with the reactor was 30% higher than the Hot Plate device. The optimal conditions for extraction of HA by the reactor were obtained at temperature of 90° C, stirring speed of 850 rpm and 4 hour process time. In these conditions, 56.8% of HA was extracted and separated from lignite coals. The qualitative results of FT-IR spectroscopy showed a predominant aromatic and rich in carboxylic, phenolic and hydroxylic functional groups with aliphatic side chains in the HA structure. The results of quantitative analysis of the CHNOS main elements and atomic ratios (C/N, O/C and H/C), confirms the quality of the used coal and also matches up the quality indices of produced HA with the IHSS standard and commercial Aldrich HA samples. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Humic Acid, Lignite Coals, Extraction Yield, Intensification | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Arjumend, T., Kaleem, M., Abbasi and Ejaz Rafique. (2015). Effects of lignite-derived humic acid on some selected soil properties, growth and nutrient uptake of wheat (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. Pak. J. Bot, 47 (6): 2231-2238. Artiola-Fortuny, J & Wallace, H.F. (1982). Humic substances in landfill leachates: I. humic acid extraction and identification. Journal of Environmental Quality, 11 (4): 663-669 Barancikova, G., Senesi, N., Brunetti, G. (1997). Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of Humic Acids isolated from different Slovak soil. Geoderma, 78: 251–266. Canieren, O., Karaguzel, C and Aydin, A. (2017). Effect of Physical Pre-Enrichment on Humic Substance Recovery from Leonardite. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing. 53 (1): 502−514. Ciarkowskaa, K., Sołek-Podwikaa, K., Filipek-Mazurb, B., Tabak, M. (2017). Comparative effects of lignite-derived humic acids and FYM on soil properties and vegetable yield. Geoderma, 303: 85–92. Conte, P., Agretto, A., Spaccini, R and Piccolo, A. (2005). Soil remediation: humic acids as natural surfactants in the washings of highly contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 135: 515–522. Das. T., Saikia, K. B., Bourah. B. P., Das, D. (2015). Characterizations of Humic Acid Isolated from Coals of Two Nagaland Coalfields of India in Relation to their Origin, Journal geological society of India., 86: 468-474. Daur, I. and Bakhashwain, A. A. (2013). Effect of humic acid on growth and quality of maize fodder production. Pak. J. Bot. 45 (S1): 21-25. Demirbas, A., Yakup, K & Huseyin, D. (2006). Humic Substances and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds from Low Rank Brown Coals, Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 28:4, 341-351. Doskočil, L., Burdíková-Szewieczková, J., Enev, V., Kalina, L., Wasserbauer, J. (2017). Spectral characterization and comparison of humic acids isolated from some European lignites. Fuel, 213: 123–132. Erdogan, S., Duz, M. Z., Merdivan, M & Hamamci, C. (2005). Formation and Characterization of Humic Acids from Low Rank Anatolian Coals by Air Oxidation, Energy Sources, 27 (5): 423-430. Ertani, A., Francioso, O., Tugnoli, V., Righi, V. & Nardi, S. (2011). Effect of commercial lignosulfonate-humate on Zea mays L. metabolism. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 11940-11948. Gao, D.Z., Wand, L., Liu, L.H., Lu, J.P. (2005). Technologic experiment study of humic acid extraction from wali lignite. Journal of Shandong university of science and technology, 24 (3): 40-42. Gao, L.J., Yang, X.Y., Wang, S.Q., Zhao, X.F. (2013). Extraction Process of Humic Acid from Lignite by Ultrasonic-Nitrate process. Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory, 6: 1-8. Georgakopolos, A., Iordanidis, A. and Kapina, V. (2003). Study of low rank Greek coals using FT-IR spectroscopy. Energy Sour, 25: 995-1005. Giovanela, M., Crespo, J. S., Antunes, M., Adamatti, D. S., Fernandes, A. N., Barison, A., DA Silva, C. W. P., Guegan, R., Motelica-Heino, M. and Sierra, M. M.D. (2010). Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of Humic Acids extracted from the bottom sediments of a Brazilian subtropical microbasin. Jour. Mol. Struct, 981: 111-119. Hakli, O., Dumanli, A., Nalbant, A., Okyay, F., Yurum, Y. (2007). Conversion of Low-Rank Kilyos Coal to Nitrogeneous Fertilizers, Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 33 (2): 164-170. Hu, G. X., Sun, Z. G., Gao, H. Y. (2010). Novel process of simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO by sodium humate solution. Environmental Science & Technology, 44: 6712−6717. Huculak-Mączka, M., Hoffmann, J., Hoffmann, K. (2018). Evaluation of the possibilities of using humic acids obtained from lignite in the production of commercial fertilizers. Journal of Soils and Sediments. In press. In press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1907-x. Kairbekov, ZH. K., Eshova, ZH. T., Akbayeva, D. N., Bashirbayeva, R. S. (2012). Optimization of process of humic acid separation from coal of oy-karagay field. KazNU Bulletin Chemical series. 4 (68): 79-83. Kirn, A., Kashif, S. & Yaseen, M. (2010). Using indigenous humic acid from lignite to increase growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Soil and Environment, 29, 187-191. Klocking, R., Helbig, R. N. B., (2005). Medical aspects and applications of humic substances. In Biopolymers for Medical and Pharmaceutical Application. Wiley-Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, pp: 3−16. Lamar, R.T. and Talbot, K.H. (2009). Critical Comparison of Humic Acid Test Methods, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40(15): 2309-2322. Lamar, R.T., Olk, D.C., mayhew, L and Bloom, P.R. (2014). A New Standardized Method for Quantification of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Humic Ores and Commercial Products. Journal of AOAC International, 94 (3): 1-10. Moosavi Rad, S.M. (2010). Geochemical Studies of Pabedana Coal Mine Tailings, South East of Iran and Their Effect on Environment Using GIS Techniques. Ph.D diss., University of Mysore.Manasagangotri, India. Nagasawa, K., Wang, B., Nishiya, K., Ushijima, K., Zhu, Q., Fukushima, M., Ichijo, T. (2016). Effects of humic acids derived from lignite and cattle manure on antioxidant enzymatic activities of barley root, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 51 (2): 81-89. Nasir, S., Sarfaraz, B.T., Verheyen, V.T., Chaffee, A.L. (2011). Structural elucidation of humic acids extracted from Pakistani lignite using spectroscopic and thermal degradative techniques. Fuel Processing Technology, 92: 983–991. Qian, S., Ding, W., Li, Y., Liu, G., Sun, J., Ding, Q. (2015). Characterization of humic acids derived from Leonardite using a solid-state NMR spectroscopy and effects of humic acids on growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean, Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 27 (4): 156-161. Romaris-Hortas, V., Moreda-Pineiro, A., Bermejo-Barrera, P. (2007). Application of microwave energy to speed up the alkaline extraction of humic and fulvic acids from marine sediments. Analytica Chimica Acta, 602: 202–210. Rose, M. T., Patti, A. F., Little, K. R. (2014). A meta-analysis and review of plant-growth response to humic substances: practical implications for agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 124: 37−89. Sadiq, S. A., D. Baloch, M., Ahmed, N. and Hidayatullah. (2014). Role of coal-derived humic acid in the availability of nutreints and growth of sunflower under calcareous soil. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 24 (6): 1737-1742. Saikia, B. K., Sharma, A., Khound, K. and Baruah, B. P. (2013). Solid State 13C-NMR Spectroscopy of some Oligocene Coals of Assam and Nagaland. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, 82: 295-298. Saikia, B.K., Baruah, R.K. and Gogoi, P.K. (2007a). FT-IR and XRD analysis of coal from Makum coalfield of Assam. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., 116 (6): 575-579. Saikia, B.K., Sahu, O.P. and Boruah, R.K. (2007b). FT-IR spectroscopic investigation of high sulfur assam coals and their solvent-extracts. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, 70 (6): 917-922. Saito, B. and Seckler, M. M. (2014). Alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat applied to organic-mineral fertilizer production. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 31 (3): 675 – 682. Salati, S., Papa, G., Adani, F., (2011). Perspective on the use of humic acids from biomass as natural surfactants for industrial applications. Biotechnology Advances, 29 (6): 913–922. Sarlaki, E., and Sharif, A. P. (2017). Effects of centrifuge pre-treatment on membrane ultrafiltration of coal-derived humic alkaline extracts. Iranian journal of biosystem engineering, 48 (2): 273-283. (In Farsi) Sarlaki, E., and Sharif, P.A, Kianmehr, M. H., Mirsaeedghazi, H. (2017). Effect of Processing Temperature on Membrane Ultrafiltration of Lignite coals-derived Humic Alkaline Extracts, Membrane Performance and Humic Acid Purity. Iranian journal of biosystem engineering, 48 (4): 475-489. (In Farsi) Sharif, A. P., Sarlaki, E., Kianmehr, M. H., Shakiba, N. (2017). Study of Spectral, Structural and Chemical characteristics of Humic Acids Isolated from Coalfield of Iran. Iranian journal of soil and water research, 48 (5): 1145-1158. (In Farsi) Sharif, M., Khattak, R. A. & Sarir, M. S. (2002). Effect of different levels of lignitic coal derived humic acid on growth of maize plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 33, 3567-3580. Sire, J., Klavins, M., Kreismanis, J., Jansone, S. (2009). Impact of process of isolating humic acids from peat on their properties. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 36: 345-355. Sun, Z., Tang, B., Xie, H., (2015). Treatment of Waste Gases by Humic Acid. Energy & Fuels., 29 (3): 1269–1278. Tahir, M. M., Khurshid, M., Khan, M. Z., Abbasi, M. K. & Kazmi, M. H. (2011). Lignite derived humic acid effect on growth of wheat plants in different soils. Pedosphere, 21, 124-131. Tahiri, A., Richel, A., Destain, J., Druart, P., Thonart, P., Ongena, M. (2016). Comprehensive comparison of the chemical and structural characterization of landfill leachate and leonardite humic fractions, Anal Bioanal Chem, 408:1917–1928. Tan, K.H., (2014). Humic Matter in Soil and the Environment: Principles and Controversies. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Tao, J., Gui-hong, H., Yuan-bo, ZH., Yan-fang H., Guang-hui L., Yu-feng, G., Yong-bin, Y. (2011). Improving the extraction yield of humic substances (HS) from lignite with anthraquinone (AQ) in alkaline solution. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 18(1): 68−72. Tarhan, I. H., Ayyildiz, F., Topkafa, M., Arslan, F., Tas, A. S. T., Sherazi, H., Kara, H. (2015). Chemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Humic Acid Isolated from Ilgin Lignite, Turkey. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 1 (1): 176-183. Xavier, D. M., Silva, A. S., Santo,s R. P., Mesko, M. F., Costa, S. N., Freire, V. N., Cavada, B. S. and Martins, J. L. (2012). Characterization of the coal Humic Acids from the candiota coalfield, Brazil. Int. Jour. Agric. Sci, 4(5): 238-242. Zara, M., Z. Ahmad, J. Akhtar, K. Shahzad, N. Sheikh, and S. Munir. (2017). Extraction and characterization of humic acid from Pakistani lignite coals. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 39 (11): 1159-1166. Zhang, X., Zhang, P., Wu, Z., Zhang, L., Zeng, G. and Zhou, C., (2013). Adsorption of methylene blue onto humic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical. Eng. Aspects, 435: 85-90. Zhiyuan, Y., Liang, G., Pan, R. (2012). Preparation of nitric humic acid by catalytic oxidation from Guizhou coal with catalysts. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 22, 75–78. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,953 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,093 |
||