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نسبت‌سنجی موانع مسئولیت مدنی با ادلۀ ضمان قهری با تکیه بر دیدگاه حضرت امام خمینی (ره) | ||
| مجله علمی "پژوهشهای فقهی" | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 17، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 331-356 اصل مقاله (613.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jorr.2019.244047.1007833 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن واثقی* 1؛ محمد مهریار2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران | ||
| 2مدرس مدعو گروه حقوق دانشگاه مفید قم | ||
| چکیده | ||
| موانع مسئولیت مدنی به دو دستۀ کلی تقسیم می‌شوند. عواملی که مقتضی مسئولیت و ارکان مسئولیت مدنی (ضرر، فعل زیانبار و رابطۀ سببیت) در آنها تمام نیست و به یکی از ارکان آن خدشه وارد شده است؛ عوامل دیگری نیز وجود دارند که با وجود تمام بودن ارکان مسئولیت مدنی، به‌واسطۀ دلیل شرعی و قانونی، مسئولیت مدنی از آنها برداشته می‌شود. در نسبت‌سنجی میان عوامل دستۀ اول با ادلۀ ضمان، به خروج تخصصی و در نسبت‌سنجی دستۀ دوم با ادلۀ ضمان، به خروج تخصیصی دست پیدا می‌کنیم که آثاری بر این تفکیک بار می‌شود. رابطۀ این دو دسته با ادلۀ ضمان: «علی الید ما اخذت حتی تؤدیه» و قاعدۀ «من اتلف مال الغیر فهو له ضامن» و قاعدۀ «لاضرر و لاضرار» رابطۀ تخصیص و تخصص است. اگرچه در برخی از عوامل منع مسئولیت مدنی، تصریح خاصی در این زمینه وجود نداشت، با وحدت ملاک می‌توان این نتیجه را از کلمات فقها و مرحوم امام خمینی برداشت کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| عوامل منع مسئولیت مدنی؛ فقدان مقتضی؛ مسئولیت مدنی؛ وجود مانع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Measuring the Proportion of Barriers to Civil Liability to Reasons of Delictual Liability Relying on Imam Khomeini’s View | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Vaseqi1؛ Mohammad Mahryar2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Payame Noor University, Iran | ||
| 2Invited Instructor, Department of Law, Mofid University, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The barriers to civil liability are divided into two categories. The factors in which the requirement of responsibility and the civil liability elements (detriment, tortuous act, and causality) are not complete and has been harmed by one of the pillars of it. There are other factors that despite the existence of all the civil liability elements, civil liability is removed from them due to lawful and legal reasons. When measuring the proportion of the first group of factors to the reasons of liability we obtain specialized departure, and when measuring the proportion of the second group of factors to the reasons of liability we obtain allocated departure. This differentiation has some effects. The relation between the two categories and the evidence of liability “´Alal yadi ma akhaztu hatta tu`diyahu” and the rule “man atlafa malal ghayr fahuwa lahu zamin” and the rule “la zarar wa la zirar” is the relation between allocation and specialization. Although there was no specific confirmation of some of the factors of prohibition of civil liability, it can be concluded from the words of the jurists and Imam Khomeini (R.A.). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Civil Liability, Prohibition Factors of Civil Liability, Lack of Requirement, Existence of Hindrance | ||
| مراجع | ||
21. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ (1425 ق) تحریرالوسیله، ترجمۀ علی اسلامی، چ بیست‌ویکم، قم: دفتر انتشارات اسلامی وابسته به جامعۀ مدرسین حوزۀ علمیۀ قم.
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