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بررسی تأثیر بیوچار و هیدروچار (باگاس نیشکر) بر عملکرد، بهرهوری آب و آبشویی نیتروژن در کشت ذرت | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
مقاله 17، دوره 51، شماره 3، خرداد 1399، صفحه 753-761 اصل مقاله (850.44 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2019.280248.668184 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مریم کاظمی زاده1؛ عبدعلی ناصری* 2؛ عبدالرحیم هوشمند3؛ منا گلابی4؛ موسی مسکرباشی5 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
2استاد گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران | ||
3دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران | ||
4استادیار آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
5استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
چکیده | ||
در جهان امروزی نیاز به سیستم کشاورزی پایداری که در آن منابع زیستمحیطی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و در عین حال هیچ آسیبی به محیطزیست وارد نسازد، بسیار حیاتی است. هدرروی نیتروژن از مهمترین مشکلات کشاورزی متراکم و پر تولید است. کاربرد منابع آلی موجب کاهش مصرف نهادههای شیمیایی و تحقق اهداف کشاورزی پایدار میشود. کاربرد مواد اصلاحکننده نظیر بیوچار و هیدروچار در ایجاد شرایط بهینه رشد و افزایش عملکرد گیاه و کاهش آب مصرفی و همچنین کاهش آبشویی نیترات نقش بهسزایی میتواند ایفا کند. در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر بیوچار و هیدروچار حاصل از باگاس نیشکر بر عملکرد محصول و بهرهوری آب و آبشویی نیتروژن در کشت ذرت تحت دو سطح آبیاری کامل و کمآبیاری (بهاندازه 30 درصد) و دو سطح کوددهی 200 و 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن برای هر کدام از منابع اوره، بیوچار و هیدروچار بررسی شد. افزودن بیوچار و هیدروچار به خاک موجب افزایش عملکرد محصول، و بهرهوری آب و کاهش میزان زهآب خروجی و آبشویی نیتروژن از خاک شد. بیوچار در مقایسه با هیدروچار بهدلیل تخلخل بالا و سطح ویژه بیشتر نقش مؤثرتری بر هریک از پارامترهای فوق داشت. با کاربرد بیوچار و هیدروچار در شرایط مطلوب رطوبتی در مقایسه با کاربرد اوره میزان زهآب خروجی بهترتیب 2/9 و 1/3 درصد کاهش داشت و میزان کاهش آبشویی نیتروژن نیز بهترتیب برابر 2/6 و 4/3 درصد بود. بنابراین استفاده از بیوچار و هیدروچار میتواند بهعنوان یک راهکار مؤثر برای کاهش اثرات منفی کشاورزی مطرح باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بیوچار؛ هیدروچار؛ آبشویی نیتروژن؛ بهرهوری مصرف آب | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigating the Effect of Biochar and Hydrochar (Sugar Cane Bagasse) on Yield, Water Productivity and Nitrogen Leaching in Maize Cultivation | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
maryam kazemizadeh1؛ abdali naseri2؛ abdorahim hooshmand3؛ mona golabi4؛ Moosa Meskarbashee5 | ||
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
2Professor of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran | ||
3Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran | ||
4Assistant Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran | ||
5Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
In the modern world, it is necessary to have a sustainable agricultural system in which natural resources are utilized and at the same time does make any harmful to the environment. Nitrogen leaching is one of the most important problems in intensive farming for high crop production. Application of organic matter lead to reduce chemical inputs and achieve sustainable agricultural goals. Application of modified materials such as biochar and hydrochar can play an important role in creating optimal conditions for growth, increasing plant yield and reducing water consumption, as well as reducing nitrate leaching. In the present study, the effect of biochar and hydrochar, derived from sugar cane bagasse, on crop yield, water productivity and nitrogen leaching in maize cultivation under two irrigation levels of full and dificit (up to 30%) and two fertilization levels of 200 and 160 kg/ha of nitrogen for each sources of urea, biochar and hydrochar were investigated. Adding biochar and hydrochar to the soil increased the yield and water productivity and reduced drainage outflow and nitrogen leaching. In contrast to hydrochar, biochar has a more effective role for the above mentioned parameters due to its high porosity and specific surface area. In comparison with urea application, using biochar and hydrochar at the optimum moisture conditions reduced drainage outflow 9.2 and 3.1% and nitrogen leaching 2.6 and 3.4%, respectively. Therefore, the use of biochar and hydrochar could be considered as an effective solution to reduce the negative effects of agriculture. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Biochar, Hydrochar, Nitrogen leaching, Water use productivity | ||
مراجع | ||
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