پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,228 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,752 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,087,293 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,827,638 |
بررسی زغال زیستی اصلاح شده، نانورس و پلی‌وینیل استات بر تثبیت خاک و کنترل فرسایش بادی خاک شنی و شنیلومی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 51، شماره 4، تیر 1399، صفحه 923-935 اصل مقاله (899.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.284793.668249 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه نورعلی وند1؛ احمد فرخیان فیروزی* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش بادی یکی از مهمترین مسائل زیستمحیطی جهان محسوب میشود. این پدیده میتواند اثرات مخربی بر کیفیت آب، هوا و سلامت انسان داشته باشد.در سالهای اخیر استفاده از خاکپوش در کنترل فرسایش بادی و تثبیت خاک مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش استفاده از نانورس مونتموریلونایت، پلیمر پلیوینیلاستات و زغال زیستی کاه گندم به منظور دستیابی به یک خاکپوش طبیعی برای کنترل فرسایش بادی در خاکهای شنی و شنیلومی بصورت آزمایشگاهی با آزمایشهای تونل باد بود. به این منظور آزمایش فاکتوریل بهصورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل (1) نوع خاکپوش (نانورس مونتموریلونایت، پلیمر پلیوینیلاستات و زغال زیستی کاه گندم)، (2) غلظت خاکپوش (نانو رس: 0، 16 و 32 ، پلیمر پلیوینیلاستات: 0، 8 و 16 و زغال زیستی: 0، 65 و 200 گرم بر متر مربع) و (3) زمان (21، 42 و 63 روز) بودند. دو نمونه خاک (شنی و شنیلومی) از کانون گرد و غبار جنوب شرق اهواز (کانون شماره 4) نمونهبرداری شد. سینیهای آزمایش (با ابعاد 50، 300 و 500 میلیمتر) تا لبه با خاک پر شدند. سپس، سوسپانسیون نانورس و پلیوینیلاستات بهصورت یکنواخت روی خاک اسپری شد. بیوچار نیز بهصورت یکنواخت با خاکها مخلوط شد. پس از گذشت مدت زمان مورد نظر سینیها در تونل با سرعت باد 20 متر بر ثانیه به مدت 5 دقیقه قرار داده شدند و سپس برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی و مکانیکی خاک (پایداری خاکدانهها، مقاومت نفوذی و مقاومت برشی) و تغییرات آنها نسبت به زمان اندازهگیری شد. مقدار هدررفت خاک در زمان اول در خاک شنی در تیمار نانورس، پلیمر و زغال زیستی نسبت به شاهد بهترتیب 98، 97 و 43 درصد و در خاک شنیلومی 97، 95 و 58 درصد کاهش یافت. بیشترین میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه، مقاومت نفوذی و برشی خاک در تیمار نانورس بهدست آمد. بهطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد خاکپوشهای نانورس، پلیمر و زغال زیستی بهترتیب سبب کاهش معنیدار فرسایش بادی در زمانهای مختلف در مقایسه با خاک شاهد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پایداری خاکدانه؛ تونل باد؛ مقاومت برشی؛ خاکپوش | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of Modified Biochar, Nanoclay and Polyvinyl Acetate on Soil Stabilization and Wind Erosion Control of Sandy and Loamy Sand Soils | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Nooralivand1؛ Ahmad Farrokhian Firouzi2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Wind erosion is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. This phenomenon could have hazardous effect on weather, water quality and human health. In recent years, the use of mulch has been considered for controlling wind erosion and soil stabilization. The aim of this study was to use Montmorillonite Nano clay, Polyvinyl Acetate polymer and wheat straw biochar as a natural mulch for controlling wind erosion and soil stabilization. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included (1) mulch (three types), (2) mulch concentration (Nanoclay: 0, 16 and 32, Polyvinyl Acetate polymer: 0, 8, and 16 and biochar: 0, 65 and 200 g/m2) and (3) time duration (21, 42 and 63 days). Two soil samples (sandy and loamy sand) were collected from the dust source of southeast of Ahvaz (center Number.4). Trays with a 500×300×50 mm were filled by the soils. Then, the emulsion of Nanoclay, and Polyvinyl Acetate were sprayed uniformly on the soil surface. The biochar also was uniformly mixed with the soils. The trays were placed on wind tunnel channel and wind erosion test was performed at a speed of 20 m/s for 5 minutes. Then, aggregate stability (MWD), penetration resistance (PR), shear strength (SS) and their changes were measured at all duration times. The amount of soil loss at first duration time in nanoclay, polymer and biochar treatments were decreased in sandy soil 98%, 97% and 43.65%, and in loamy sand soil 97%, 95% and 58%, respectively as compared to the control treatment. Maximum MWD, PR and SS was obtained in the nanoclay treatment. In general, the results showed that the use of nanoclay, polymer and biochar materials significantly reduced wind erosion at different duration times, compared to the control treatment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Aggregate stability, Mulch, shear strength, wind tunnel | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abisha, M.R., Anushia, S., Jenitha Singh, J., Dynisha, S. and Lavanya, S.A. (2017). Stabilization of weak clay soil using nanoclay. International Journal Ijariie, 3(5), 1476-1482. Alkhasha, A., Al-Omran,A. and Aly,A. (2018). Effects of Biochar and Synthetic Polymer on the Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soils. Sustainability, 10(12), 4642. Ayeldeen, M., Negm, A., El Sawwaf, M. and Gädda, T. (2016). Laboratory study of using biopolymer to reduce wind erosion. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 12(3), 228-240. Brodowski, S., Amelung, W., Haumaier, L. and Zech. W. (2007). Black carbon contribution to stable humus in German arable soils. Geoderma, 139, 220–228. Chan, K.Y., Van Zwieten, Meszaros, L. I., Downie, A. and Joseph, S. (2007). Agronomicvalues of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Researchs. 45, 629–634. Chu, G., Zhao, J., Huang, Y., Zhou, D., Liu, Y., Wu, M., Peng, H., Zhao, Q., Pan, B. and E.W. Steinberg, C. (2018). Phosphoric acid pretreatment enhances the specific surface areas of biochars by generation of micropores. Environmental Pollution, 240:1-9. Dargahian, F., Lotfinasab Asl, S., Khosroshahi, M. and Gohardoost, A. (2017) Determining the share of internal and external resources of dust in Khuzestan province. Journal of Iran Nature, 2(5), 36-41. (In Farsi). Downie, A., Crosky, A. and Munroe, P. (2009). Physical properties of biochar. (Pp. Dume, B., Mosissa, T. and Nebiyu, A. (2016). Effect of biochar on soil properties and lead (Pb) availability in a military camp in South West Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10(3): 77-85. Gong, W., Zang, Y., Liu, B., Chen, H., Wu, F., Huang, R. and Wang, Sh. (2016). Effect of using polymeric materials in ecological sand-fixing of Kerqin Sandy Land of China. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(43): 1-7. Herath, H.M.S.K., Camps-Arbestian, M. and Hedley, M. (2013). Effect of biochar on soil properties in two contrasting soils. An Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209-210: 188-197. Jingkuan, S., Fei, L., Zhongqi, L., Lingyan, Zh. and Zhengguo, S. (2014). Biochars derived from various crop straws: Characterization and Cd (II) removal potential. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 106, 226-231. Jien, Sh. H. and Wang, C. Sh. (2013). Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena, 110, 225–233. Johannes, A., Matter, A., Schulin, R., Weisskopf, P., Baveye, PC. and Boivin, P. (2017). Optimal organic carbon values for soil structure quality of arable soils. Does clay content matter? Geoderma. 302, 14-21. Keesstra, S., Nunes, J., Novara, A., Finger, D., Avelar, D., Kalantari, Z. and Cerdà A. (2018). The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services. Science Total Environment. 610, 997–1009. Kenneth, N. and Nwankwo, P.E. (2001). Polyacrylamide as a soil stabilizer for erosion control. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Report No. WI-06-98.28p. Kemper, WD. and Rosenau, RC. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In Klute A, (Ed.), (Pp. 425-442). Methods of Soil Analysis. ASA and SSSA, Madison,WI. Khalid, N., Mukri, M., Kamarudin, F., Abdul Ghani, A. H., Fadzil Arshad, M., Sidek, N., Ahmad Jalani, A.Z. and Bilong B. (2015). Effect of Nanoclay in Soft Soil Stabilization. Proceedings of the International Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Conference 2014, Springer, Singapore (pp.905-914) Liu, J., Shi, B., Lu, Y., Jiang, H., Huang, H., Wang, G. and Kamai, T. (2012). Effectiveness of a new organic polymer sand-fixing agent on sand fixation. Environment Earth Science, 65, 589–595. Liu, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, K., Liu, H., and Fu, S. (2018). Magnetic susceptibility characteristics of surface soils in the Xilingele grassland and their implication for soil redistribution in winddominated landscapes: A preliminary study. Catena, 163, 33-41. Mandal, A. and Singh, N. (2017). Optimization of atrazine and imidacloprid removal from water using biochars: Designing single or multi-staged batch adsorption systems. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(3), 637-645. Mamedov, AI., Huang, Ch., Aliev, FA. and Levy, G.J. (2017). Aggregate stability and water retention near saturation characteristics as affected by soil texture, aggregate size and polyacrylamide application. Land Degradation and Development, 28(2), 543-552. Mehrabi, sh., Soltani, S. and Jafari, R. (2015). Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Parameters and Dust phenomenon (Case Study: Khuzestan Province). Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Hydrology and Soil Science, 19(71), 69-80. Movahedan. M., Abbasi, N., and Keramati, M. (2012). Wind erosion control of soils using polymeric materials. Eurasin Journal of soil science, 2, 81-86. Namdar Khojasteh, D., Bahrami, H. A., Kianirad, M. and Sprigg, W. ( 2017). Using Bio-mulch for Dust Stabilization (Case Study: Semnan Province, Iran). Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 16(4), 1313-1320. Peng, H.B., Gao, P., Chu, G., Pan, B., Peng, J.H. and Xing, B.S. (2017). Enhanced adsorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) by phosphoric acid-modified biochars. Environment Pollution, 229, 846-853. Pradhan, G. and John, D. (2009). Erosion wear behaviour of bio-waste reinforced polymer composites. B.Sc. Thesis, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India, 53p. Safari, N., Aliasgharzad, N. and Asghari, S. (2015). The effects of polyacrylamide on the parameters of physical quality in a clay loam soil selected from semiarid region. Journal Soil Environment, 1, 10–17. Sahin, O., Taskin, M.B., Kaya, E.C., Atakol, O., Emir, E., Inal, A. and Gunes, A. (2017). Effect of acid modification of biochar on nutrient availability and maize growth in a calcareous soil. Soil Use and Management, 33(3), 447-456. Sears, G.W. 1956. Determination of Specific Surface Area of Colloidal Silica by Titration with Sodium Hydroxide. Analytical. Chemistry. 28(12):1981-1983. Strong, CL., Leys, JF., Raupach, MR., Bullard, JE., Aubault, HA., Butler, HJ. and McTainsh, GH. (2016). Development and testing of a micro wind tunnel for on-site wind erosion simulations. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 16(5), 1065-1083. Song, Z., Liu, J., Bai, Y., Wei, J., Li, D., Wang, Q., Chen, Zh., Kanungo, D. P. and Qian, W. (2019). Laboratory and Field Experiments on the Effect of Vinyl Acetate Polymer-Reinforced Soil. Applied. Sciences. 9(1), 208. Wang, C., Walter, M. and Parlange, J-Y. (2013). Modeling simple experiments of biochar erosion from soil. Journal of Hydrology, 499(30), 140-145. Walkly, A. and Black, IA. (1934). An examination of digestion methods for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic and titration. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 37, 29-38. Xie, S., Qu, J., Zu, R., Zhang, K., Han, Q. and Niu, Q. (2013). Effect of sandy sediments produced by the mechanical control of sand deposition on the thermal regime of underlying permafrost along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. Land Degradation and Development, 24(5), 453-462. Yakupoglu, T., Oztas, T., Kiray, F. and Demirkol, B. (2015). Effect of Some Polymers on Soil-water Losses and Sediment Size depending on Initial Aggregate Size under Sequential Simulated Rainfall. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 29-21. Zimbone, S.M., Vickers, A., Morgan, R.P.C. and Vella, P. (1996). Field investigation of different techniques for measuring surface soil shear strength. Soil Technology, 9, 101-111. Zhang, J., Yang, M., Deng, X., Liu, Z., Zhang, F.and Zhou, W. (2018). Beryllium-7 measurements of wind erosion on sloping fields in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Science of the Total Environment, 615, 240-252. Zaher, H., Caron, J. and Ouaki, B. (2005). Modeling aggregate internal pressure evolution following immersion to quantify mechanisms of structural stability. Soil Science Society of America journal. 69 (1), 1-12. Zong, Y., Chen, D. and Lu, S. (2014). Impact of biochar on swell-shrinkage behavior, mechanical strength and surface cracking of clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177(6), 920-926. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 561 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 450 |
||