پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,533 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,508 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,128,022 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,235,536 |
تاثیر تغییرکاربری و احیای اراضی تخریب شده روی برخی از ویژگیهای کیفی و فعالیت تعدادی آنزیم در خاک | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 20، دوره 51، شماره 4، تیر 1399، صفحه 1055-1068 اصل مقاله (1.11 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.290998.668357 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا وارسته خانلری* 1؛ احمد گلچین2؛ سید عبدالله موسوی کوپر3 | ||
| 1هیات علمی، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تات، رشت | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این مطالعه تاثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی (تبدیل جنگل طبیعی به شالیزار) و احیای اراضی تخریب شده بر برخی ویژگیهای کیفی و آنزیمی خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای انجام این پژوهش ایستگاه تحقیقاتی صنوبر در استان گیلان شهرستان آستانه اشرفیه انتخاب شد. نمونههای خاک از 5 کاربری (جنگل طبیعی، جنگلهای دست کاشت صنوبر، توسکا و دارتالاب و شالیزار) و از دو عمق (20-0 و 40-20 سانتیمتری) جمعآوری شدند. دادههای این پژوهش بهصورت یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل نوع کاربری اراضی در پنج سطح و عمق خاک در دو سطح بود که در سه تکرار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. لذا تعداد تیمارهای آزمایش 10=2×5 عدد که با لحاظ نمودن تعداد تکرارها در مجموع 30 واحد آزمایشی بود. در مجموع 30 نمونه خاک دست خورده و 30 نمونه خاک دست نخورده وجود داشت که جامعه آماری آزمایش را تشکیل میداد. در نمونهها برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه (75 درصد)، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع (95 درصد)، خاصیت آبگریزی (53 درصد)، کربن آلی (52 درصد.)، نیتروژن کل (52 درصد) و کربن زیستتوده میکروبی (53 درصد) در جنگل طبیعی بیشتر از شالیزار بود. همچنین فعالیت آنزیم اورهآز و آریلسولفاتاز به طور معنیداری در خاک شالیزار نسبت به جنگل طبیعی کمتر بود. ولی برعکس، فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز در خاک شالیزار بیشتر از خاک جنگل طبیعی بود و این نشان میدهد که در دسترس بودن اکسیژن و رطوبت بر فعالیت دهیدروژناز اثر میگذارد و با افزایش رطوبت خاک، فعالیت آن افزایش مییابد. احیای برخی از اراضی تخریب شده بهوسیله جنگل دست کاشت نشان داد پوشش گیاهی صنوبر موثرتر از پوششهای گیاهی دیگر در افزایش میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و کربن زیستتوده میکروبی بود. در حالیکه تاثیر پوشش دارتالاب در افزایش خاصیت آب گریزی، کربن آلی و فعالیت آنزیم اورهآز و آریلسولفاتاز بیش از پوششهای گیاهی دیگر بود. فعالیت ویژه آنزیم (فعالیت آنزیم در واحد کربن آلی) در دهیدروژناز در شالیزار به طور معنیداری بیشتر از جنگل طبیعی بود که این نشاندهنده آن است که فعالیت این آنزیم مستقل از تغییرات کربن آلی خاک بوده و به رطوبت خاک وابسته است. بهطور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که در مقایسه با ویژگیهای کیفی و فعالیت آنزیمی، پوششدارتالاب بهتر از پوشش صنوبر و توسکا این ویژگیها را بهبود بخشید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| احیای اراضی جنگل‌زدایی شده؛ آنزیم‌های خاک؛ تغییر کاربری؛ کربن زیست توده میکروبی؛ کیفیت خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Land Use Change and Land Reclamation on Some Qualitative Characteristics and Activity of Some Enzymes in the Soil | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra varasteh khanlari1؛ Ahmad Golchin2؛ Saead Abdollah Mosavi Kupar3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science. College of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Soil Science. College of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 3Research Assistant prof, Research center of Agriculture and Natural, Resources of Gilan province, (AREEC), Rasht | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this study, the effects of land use change (conversion of natural forest to paddy fields) and regeneration of deforested land on some qualitative and enzymatic properties of the soil were investigated. For this study, Populus Research Station in Guilan province, Astana Ashrafieh city was selected. Soil samples were collected from 5 land uses (natural forest, populus, Alnus and Taxodium and paddy forests) and two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm). The data were analyzed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included land use type at five levels and soil depth at two levels that were studied in three replications. Therefore, the number of treatments were 5 * 2 = 10, totally 30 units accounting replications. In total, there were 30 samples of disturbed soil and 30 samples of undisturbed soil that constituted the statistical data of the experiment. Some physical, chemical and biological properties of the samples were measured. The results showed that the mean weight diameter (75%), saturated hydraulic conductivity (95%), water repellency (53%), organic carbon (52%), total nitrogen (52%) and microbial biomass carbon (53%) in the natural forest were higher than the ones in the paddy field. Also, the activity of urease and arylsulfatase in the paddy soil was significantly lower than the one in the natural forest soil. However, the activity of dehydrogenase in the paddy soil was higher than the one in natural forest soil, indicating oxygen availability and moisture affect the activity of dehydrogenase and its activity increases as the soil moisture increases. Reclamation of some deforested lands by hand planted forest showed that Populus vegetation was more effective than the other vegetation covers in increasing aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity, and microbial biomass carbon. While Taxodium cover increased the activities of urease, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase more than the ones in other vegetation covers. The specific activity of enzymes (enzyme activity per unit of organic carbon), in dehydrogenase was significantly higher in the paddy soil than in the soil under natural forest. This indicates that the activity of this enzyme is independent of soil organic carbon changes and is dependent on soil moisture. Overall, it can be concluded that, in comparison with the qualitative and enzymatic activity, Taxodium coating improved these properties better than populus and Alnus coating. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| deforestation, soil enzymes, land use change, microbial biomass carbon, soil quality | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Acosta-Martinez, V., Cruz, L., Sotomayor-Ramirez, D and Perez-Alegria, L. (2007). Enzyme activities as affected by soil properties and land use min a tropical watershed. Applied Soil Ecology. 35: 35-45. Aliasgharzade, N. (2006). Laboratory Methods in Soil Biology. University of Tabriz Publications. Pp: 540. Amirnejad, H., Khalilian, S., Assareh, M.H and Ahmadian, M. (2006). Estimating the existence value of north forests of Iran by using a contingent valuation method. Ecology Economy. 58: 665-675. An, S., Zheng, F., Zhang, F., Van Peltc, S., Hamer, U and Makeschin, F. (2008). Soil quality degradation processes a deforestation choronosequence in the Zimulingarea, China. Catena. 75: 248-256. Angers, D.A., Bullock, M.S. and Mehuys, G.R. (2008). Aggregate stability to water. pp: 811-819. In: Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (eds). Soil Sampling and methods of analysid. Chap: 62 CRC Press. Canadian Society of Soil Science. Beheshti, A., Raiesi, F and Golchin, A. (2012). Soil properties, c fractions and their dynamics in land use conversion from native forests to croplands in northern Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 148: 121-133. Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen total. In: A.L. Page, Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. (Eds.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical analysis. American Society of Agronomy Inc. and Soil Science Society of American Inc. Madison, WI. 595-624. Cardoso, E.J.B.N., Vasconcellos, R.L.F., Bini, Miyauchi, M.Y.H., dos Santos, C.A., Alves, P.R.L., de Paula, A.M., Nakatani, A.S., Pereira, J.M. and Nogueira, M.A. (2013). Soil health: looking for suitable indicators. What should be considered to assess the effects of use and management on soil health? Scientia Agricola. 70: 274–289. Carter, M.R and Gregorich, E.G. (2008). Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Second Edition. Canadian Society of Soil Science Publisher. 823. Dekker, L.W and Ritsema, C.J. (1994). How water moves in a water repellent sandy soil. 1. Potential and actual water repellency. Water Resources Research. 30: 2507-2517. Dick, R.P. (1997). Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In: Pankhurst, C.E., Doube, B.M., Gupta, V.V.S.R. (Eds.), Biological Indicators of Soil Health. CAB International, Wallingford, CT, pp. 121–156. Gee, G. W. and Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: A. Klute. (Ed), Methods of soil analysis. Part1, Physical and mineralogical methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 383-411. Gol, C. (2009). The effects of land use change on soil properties and organic carbon at Dagdami river catchment in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology. 30: 825-830. Golchin, A and Asgari, H. (2008). Land use effects on soil quality indicators in northeastern Iran. Soil Research. 49: 27-36. Humpenoder, F., Popp, A., Dietrich, J.P., Klein, D., Lotze-Campen, H., Bonsch, M., Bodirsky, B.L., Weindl, I., Stevanovic, M and Muller, C. (2014). Investigating afforestation and bioenergy CCS as climate change mitigation strategies. Environmental Research Letters. 9,064029. Kalembasa, S. and Symanowicz, B. (2012). Enzymatic activity of soil after supplying various waste organic matter, ash and mineral fertilizers. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 21: 1635–1641 Klute, A. and Dirksen, C. (1986). Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. Methods of soil analysis: part 1—physical and mineralogical methods, (methodsofsoilan1). 687-734. Kooch, Y and Zoghi, Z. (2014). Comparison of soil fertility of Acer insigne, Quercus castaneifolia, and Pinus brutia stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology. 20: 899–905. Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S. M., Zaccone, C., Jalilvand, H., & Hojjati, S. M. (2012). Soil organic carbon sequestration as affected by afforestation: the Darab Kola forest (North of Iran) case study. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 14: 2438–2446. Lagomarsino, A., Benedetti, A., Marinari, S., Pompili, L., Moscatelli, M.C., Roggero, P. P., Lai, R., Ledda, L and Grego, S. (2011). Soil organic C variability and microbial functions in a Mediterranean agro-forest ecosystem. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 47: 283–291. Lambin, E.F and Meyfroidt, P. (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108: 3465–3472. Liu, Y.R., Li, X., Shen, Q.R. and Xu, Y.C. (2013). Enzyme activity in water-sable soil aggregates as affected by long-term application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer. Pedosphere. 23(1): 11-119. Maharjan, M., Sananllah, M., Razavi, B.S and Kuzyakov, Y. (2017). Effect of land use and management practices on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in subtropical top and up soil. Applied Soil Ecology. 113: 27-28. Mahmoudi Tolghani, E., Zahedi Amiri, Gh., Adeli, I. and Saghib Talibi, JH. (2007). Estimation of sequestration rate Soil Carbon in Managed Forests (Case Study Golband Forest in the North of Iran). Journal of Scientific Research Iranian Forest and Poplar Research. 15: 241-252. Mataix-Solera, J. and Doerr, S. H. (2004). Hydrophobicity and aggregate stability in calcareous topsoils from fire-affected pine forests in southeastern Spain. Geoderma. 118(1-2): 77-88. Margesion, R. (2012). Enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism. 13.2. Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity with the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate. P. 213-217. Schinner, F., Ohlinger, R., Kandeler. And Margesin, R. (Eds). Methods in soil biology. Part, 13. Springer. P. 437. Moges, A., Dagnachew, M. and Yimer, F. (2013). Land use effects on soil quality indicators: A case study of Abo-Wonsho Southern Ethiopia. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 1-9. Mganga, K.Z., Razavi, B.S and Kuzyakov, Y. (2016). Land use affects soil biochemical properties in Mt. Kilimanjaro region. Catena. 141: 22–29. Nannipieri, P., Ascher, J., Ceccherini, M.T., Landi, L., Pietramellara, G and Renella, G. (2003). Microbial diversity and soil functions. European Journal of Soil Science. 54: 655-670. Nelson, R.E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties (2nd Ed). Agronomy monograph, NO. 9, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 181-196. Pabst, H., Kühnel, A and Kuzyakov, Y. (2013). Effect of land-use and elevation on microbial biomass and water extractable carbon in soils of Mt. Kilimanjaro ecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology. 67: 10-19. Padel, T., Özen, I., Boix, J., Barbariga, M., Gaceb, A., Roth, M. and Paul, G. (2016). Platelet-derived growth factor-BB has neurorestorative effects and modulates the pericyte response in a partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of disease. 94: 95-105. Raiesi, F. and Beheshti, A. (2014). Soil specific enzyme activity shows more clearly soil responses to paddy rice cultivation than absolute enzyme activity in primary forests of northwest Iran. Applied Soil Ecology. 75: 63–70. Raiesi, F. and Beheshti, A. (2015). Microbiological indicators of soil quality and degradation following conversion of native forests to continuous croplands. Ecological Indicators. 50: 173-185. Rostam Abadi, A., Tabari, M., Salehi, A., Sayyad, E. and Salehi, A. (2010). Comparison of Nutrient Nutrition, Recovery and Reabsorption in Bald Alder and Taxodium Habitats in Amol-Mazandaran Habitat Area. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research. 1 (17): 65-78 Rostam Abadi, A., Tabari, M., Sayad, E and Salehi, A. (2013). Influence of Alnus subcordata, Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum on Poor Drainage Soil, Northern Iran. Ecopersia. 1: 207-218. Schloter, M., Dilly, O and Munch, J.C. (2003). Indicators for evaluating soil quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 98: 255–262. Strobl, W. and Traunmuller, M. (2012). Enzymes involved in carbon metabolism. 12.4. B-glucosidase activity. P. 198-201. Schinner, F., Ohlinger, R., Kandeler. And Margesin, R. (Eds). Methods in soil biology. Part, 12. Springer. P. 437. Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leiros, M.C and Gil-Stores, F. (2008). Hydrolytic enzyme activities in agricultural and forest soils. Some implications for their use as indicators of soil quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 2146–2155. Turner, B.L., Lambin, E.F and Reenberg, A. (2007). The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. U. S. A. 104: 20666–20671. Vance, E.D., Brookes, P.C and Jenkinson, D.S. (1987). An extraction method for measuring microbial biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 19: 703–707. Van der Heijden, M.G.A., Bardgett, R.D. and van Straalen, N.M. (2008). The unseen majority: Soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters. 11: 296–310. Wang, M., Markert, B. and Shen, W.M. (2011a). Microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities of urban soils in Beijing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 18: 958-967. Wang, B., Liu, G.B., Xue, S and Zhu, B. (2011b). Changes in soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties during natural succession on abandoned farmlands in the Loess Plateau. Environmental Earth Sciences. 62: 915–925. Wang, B., Xue, S., Liu, G.B., Zhang, G.H., Li, G and Ren, Z.P. (2012). Changes in soil nutrient and enzyme activities under different vegetation in the Loess Plateau area, Northwest China. Catena. 92: 186–195. Woche, S. K., Goebel, M. O., Kirkham, M. B., Horton, R., Van der Ploeg, R. R. and Bachmann, J. (2005). Contact angle of soils as affected by depth, texture, and land management. European Journal of Soil Science. 56(2): 239-251. Yao, H.Y. and Huang, C.Y. (2006). Soil microbial ecology and experimental technology. (In Chinese.) Science Press, Beijing. Yu, P., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Li, Q. and Zhou, D. (2018). Selecting the minimum data set and quantitative soil quality indexing of alkaline soils under different land uses in northeastern China. Science Of The Total Environmeant. Pp: 564–571. Zabelina, O.N. (2014). Enzymatic activity of soils in natural recreational landscapes of urban territories. Sovremennye problem nauki I obrazovania, NO.2. Zhang, J., Yedlapalli, P. and Lee, J. W. (2009). Thermodynamic analysis of hydrate-based pre-combustion capture of CO2. Chemical engineering science. 64(22): 4732-4736. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 561 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 416 |
||