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تأثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی بر شاخصهای رشدی ذرت (Zea mays L.) در خاکهای آلوده به سرب | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 51، شماره 6، شهریور 1399، صفحه 1543-1554 اصل مقاله (944.65 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.295921.668474 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسلم حیدری* 1؛ فاطمه رستمی2؛ احمد گلچین3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری زراعت- دانشگاه زنجان- دانشکده کشاورزی- گروه زراعت | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد بیولوژی خاک، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
| 3استاد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی بر شاخصهای رشدی گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.) در خاکهای آلوده به سرب، آزمایشی در گلخانه گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1394 بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 3 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای موردبررسی عبارت بودند از عامل اول: سطوح آلودگی خاک به سرب (0، 50، 100، 200 و 400 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و عامل دوم: بدون مایهزنی (C)، مایهزنی با باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات(Pseudomonas putida)(P)، مایهزنی با قارچ Funneliformis mosseae(M)، مایهزنی با قارچ میکوریز Funneliformis mosseae+ باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات (M+P)، مایهزنی با قارچ میکوریز Rhizophagus intraradices (I)، مایهزنی با قارچ میکوریز Rhizophagus intraradices+ باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات (I+P) بود. پارامترهای مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل: سرب، آهن و مس در ریشه و اندام هوایی، شاخص سبزینگی برگ و ارتفاع گیاه بود. مایهزنی خاک با قارچهای میکوریزی و باکتری در شرایط عدم وجود عنصر سرب سبب بهبود شاخصهای رشد و عملکرد گیاه گردید. بر این اساس تیمار مایهزنی با قارچ میکوریز Funneliformis mosseae + باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات (I+M) توانست فاکتور انتقال (TF) را 28/67 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش دهد. همچنین کودهای زیستی توانستند میزان سرب جذب شده را در ریشه گیاه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد9/61 درصد افزایش دهند؛ به بیان دیگر توانستند سرب جذب شده از خاک توسط گیاه را در ریشه گیاه حفظ کنند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل در غلظت بحرانی سرب (400 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم خاک)، کودهای زیستی نتوانستند تأثیر مفید و فزایندهای بر شاخص سبزینگی برگ و ارتفاع در این رقم از ذرت (رقم ماکسیما) داشته باشند. با این حال در غلظتهای کمتر از فلز سنگین سرب، کودهای زیستی میتوانند اثرات مضر و سوء این فلزات سنگین را در اندامهای هوایی و ریشه گیاه ذرت (رقم ماکسیما) کاهش دهند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| باکتری حل کننده فسفات؛ عملکرد گیاه؛ فلزات سنگین؛ قارچهای میکوریزی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Biofertilizers Application on Growth Indices of Maize (Zea mays) in Lead Contaminated Soils | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| moslem heydari1؛ fatemeh rostami2؛ ahmad golchin3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University | ||
| 2MSc of Soil Biology, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan | ||
| 3Professor of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers on growth indices of maize (Zea mays L.) in lead-contaminated soils, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the greenhouse of soil science department at Zanjan University in 2015. Factor I included: soil contamination levels of lead (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg soil) and Factor ΙΙ, No inoculation (C), inoculation with soluble bacteria, Phosphate (Pseudomonas putida) (P), inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae (M), inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + phosphate solubilizing bacterium (M + P), inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices mycorrhizal (I), inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices + phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (I + P). The measured parameters were leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, lead of shoot and root, Copper and Iron of root and shoot. Inoculation of soil with mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria improved plant growth and yield indices in the absence of lead. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (I + P) increased leaf chlorophyll index 11.65% compared to the no-inoculation treatment (control). Also, biofertilizers were able to increase the amount of absorbed lead in the plant root compared to the control treatment by 61.9%. In other words, they are able to retain the absorbed lead from the soil by plant root. According to the obtained results at the critical concentration of lead (400 mg/kg soil), biofertilizers could not have a beneficial and increasing effect on chlorophyll index and plant height. However, at lower concentrations of Pb, biofertilizers can decrease the harmful and adverse effects of these heavy metals on shoot and root of plant. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Heavy metals, mycorrhizal fungi, plant yield, phosphate solubilizing bacteria | ||
| مراجع | ||
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