پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,478 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,017 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 122,946,575 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 96,174,330 |
بررسی آزمایشگاهی آستانه حرکت ذرات و تغییرات زمانی غلظت رسوب در فرسایش ناشی از جریان رواناب | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| مقاله 20، دوره 51، شماره 7، مهر 1399، صفحه 1869-1880 اصل مقاله (1.05 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.299051.668528 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد رضا والی1؛ فرزین نصیری صالح2؛ حسین اسدی* 3 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرسایش خاک تشدیدی بهعنوان مهمترین عامل تخریب منابع خاک و آب محسوب می‌شود. بهطور معمول، فرآیند فرسایش خاک شامل جدا شدن و انتقال ذرات خاک توسط قطرات بارندگی، جریان کمعمق سطحی و یا برهمکنش این دو عامل است. بر این اساس، آگاهی از آستانه حرکت ذرات رسوب و تغییرات غلظت رسوب نسبت به زمان در فرسایش ناشی از جریان میتواند باعث شناخت دقیق فرآیندهای حاکم بر فرسایش خاک و انتقال رسوب و برهمکنش احتمالی آنها و همچنین زمینهای برای افزایش دقت مدل‌های فرسایش خاک باشد. در تحقیق حاضر، آستانه حرکت ذرات و تغییرات زمانی غلظت رسوب در نمونهای ماسهای در شرایط آزمایشگاهی در سه شیب 1/3، 9/5، 9/8 درصد و با سه دبی در واحد عرض 78/4، 12/7 و 05/9 (×10-5 m2 s-1) در فلومی به ابعاد 40/2 متر طول و40/0 متر عرض بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد، منحنی شیلدز برای تعیین آستانه حرکت برای این تحقیق مناسب نبود. قدرت جریان آستانه حرکت ذرات، 035/0 وات بر مترمربع تعیین شد. همچنین با افزایش شیب و به تبع آن افزایش قدرت جریان تا 05/0 وات بر مترمربع، شدت فرسایش افزایش یافت و فرسایش خاک از حالت ورقهای به شیاری تبدیل شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که عامل اصلی تلفات خاک و تولید رسوب در دامنهها، تشکیل و توسعه فرسایش شیاری است. بنابراین یکی از راههایی که میتواند بهطور موثر میزان فرسایش خاک را کنترل کند، جلوگیری از تشکیل شیار با روشهایی همچون کشت نواری، تراسبندی و بانکتبندی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جریان ماندگار؛ تنش برشی؛ دانه بندی رسوب؛ پارامتر شیلدز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Laboratory Study of the Motion Threshold and Temporal Variation of Sediment Concentration in Flow-induced Erosion | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohamadrza Vali1؛ Farzin Nasiri Saleh2؛ Hossein Asadi3 | ||
| 1Graduate Student,, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, university of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Accelerated soil erosion is the most important degradation factor of soil and water resources. Typically, soil erosion involves the detachment and transport of soil particles by rainfall, shallow surface flow or the interaction of these two factors. Therefore, understanding the motion threshold of sediment particles and temporal variation of sediment concentration in flow-induced can provide a detailed cognition of the processes inducing soil erosion and sediment transport and their eventual interactions. It is also important for increasing the accuracy of soil erosion models. In this study, the particle motion threshold and temporal variation of sediment were studied for a sandy sample at three slopes; 3.1, 5.9, 8.9% and-dunder three flow discharges of 4.78, 7.12 and 9.05 (×10-5 m2 s-1). This study was carried out in the laboratory conditions using a flume with 240 cm long by 40 cm width. The results showed that the Shields curve is not suitable for this study to determine the motion threshold. The threshold stream power of particle motion was determined 0.035 W m-2. Also, with increasing slope and consequently increasing stream power up to 0.05 W m-2, the erosion intensity increased and soil erosion changed from sheet erosion to rill erosion. The results indicate that the formation and development of rill erosion would be the main factor for soil loss and sediment production in hillslopes. Therefore, prevention of rill formation by strip croping, terracing and terrace farming is an effective strategy for soil conservation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Soil erosion, Steady flow, Shear stress, Sediment size distribution, Shields parameter | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Allen, J.R.L. (1994). Fundamental properties of fluids and their relation to sediment transport processes. In: Pye, K. (Ed.), Sediment Transport and Depositional Processes. Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 25–60. Asadi, H. (2005). Investigation of Soil Erosion Processes and Some Basic Concepts of Process-based Soil Erosion Models. PhD Thesis, Soil Science Department, University of Tehran. Asadi, H., Aligoli, M. and Gorji, M. (2017). Dynamic changes of sediment concentration in rill erosion at field experiments. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 20(78), 125-139. Asadi, H., Ghadiri, H., Rose, C.W., Yu, B. and Hussein J. (2007). An Investigation of flow-driven soil erosion at low streampowers. Journal of Hydrology, 342, 134–142. Asadi, H., Moussavi, A., Ghadiri, H. and Rose, C.W. (2011). Flow-driven soil erosion processes and the size selectivity of sediment. Journal of Hydrology, 406, 73-81. Bravo, R., Ortiz, P. and Perez-Aparicio, J.L. (2014). Incipient sediment transport for non-cohesive landforms by the discrete element method (dem). Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(4), 1326–1337. Chow, V., Maidment, D. and Mays, L. (1988). Applied Hydrology,Water Resources and Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York. Daneshyar, S.K., Asadi, H. and Moussavi, A. (2014). The effect of soil type and streampower on relative importance of flow-driven soil erosion processes. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Research, 44(4): 273-382. Das, S., Das, R. and Mazumdar, A. (2013). Circulation characteristics of horseshoe vortex in scour region around circular piers. Water Science and Engineering, 6(1), 59–77. De Oliveira, J.F., Griebeler, N.P., Correchel, V. and da Silva, V.C. (2009). Erodibility and critical shear stress on unpaved road soils. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental – Agriambi 13, 955–960. Fox, DM. and Bryan, R.B. (1999). The relationship of soil loss by interrill erosion to slope gradient. Catena, 38, 211–222. Gilley, J.E., Elliot, W.J., Laflen, J.M. and Simanton, J.R. (1993). Critical shear stress and critical flow rates for initiation of rilling. Journal of Hydrology, 142(1–4), 251–271. Hairsine, P.B., and Rose, C.W. (1992). Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles, II- Rill flow. Water Resource Research, 28(1): 245-250. Hussein, J., Yu, B., Ghadiri, H. and Rose, C. (2007). Prediction of surface flow hydrology and sediment retention upslope of a vetiver buffer strip Journal of Hydrology, 338(3–4), 261–272. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.02.038. Ileleji, K.E., Zhou, B., 2008. The angle of repose of bulk corn stover particles. Powder Technol. 187, 110–118. James, W.K., William, E.D., Fujiko, I. and Hiroshi, I. (1990). The variability of critical shear stress, friction angle and grain protrusion in waterworked sediments. Sedimentology 37, 647–672. Jayawardena, A.W. and Bhuiyan, R.R. (1999). Evaluation of an interrill soil erosion model using laboratory catchment data. Hydrolic Processes, 13, 89-100. Jiang, Y., Shi, H., Wen, Z., Guo, M., Zhao, J., Cao, X., Fan, Y. and Zheng, C. (2020). The dynamic process of slope rill erosion analyzed with a digital close range photogrammetry observation system under laboratory conditions. Geomorphology, 350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106893. Lal, R. (1998). Soil erosion impact on agronomic productivity and environment quality. Critical Reviw in Plant Science, 4, 319–464. Lei, T.W., Zhang, Q.W., Yan, L.J., Zhao, J. and Pan, Y.H. (2008). A rational method for estimating erodibility and critical shear stress of an eroding rill. Geoderma, 144, 628–633. Leonard, J. and Richard, G. (2004). Estimation of runoff critical shear stress for soil erosion from soil shear strength. Catena, 57, 233–249. Mahmoodabadi, M. and Cerda, A. (2013). WEPP calibration for improved prediction of interrill erosion in semi-arid to arid environments. Geoderma, 204-205, 75-83 Merz, W. and Bryan, R.B. (1993). Critical conditions for rill initiation on sandy loam Brunisols: Laboratory and field experiments in southern Ontario, Canada. Geoderma, 57, 357-385. Misra, R.K. and Rose, C.W. (1995). An examination of the relationship between erodibilty parameter and soil strength. Ausralian Journal of Soil Research, 33, 715–332. Moody, J.A., Smith, J.D. and Ragan, B.W. (2005). Critical shear stress for erosion of cohesive soils subjected to temperatures typical ofwildfires. Journal of Geophysics Research, 110, F01004. Morgan, R. P. C. (2005). Soil Erosion and Conservation. Third edition published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Proffitt, A.P.B. and Rose, C.W. (1991). Soil erosion processes: II. Settling velocity characteristics of eroded sediment. Ausralian Journal of Soil Research, 29, 685–695. Proffitt, A.P.B., Rose, C.W. and Hairsine, P.B. (1991). Rainfall detachment and deposition: experiments with low slopes and significant water depths. Soil Scince Socity of Amrica Journal, 55, 325–332. Raei, B., Asadi, H., Moussavi, A. and Ghadiri, H. (2015). A study of initial motion of soil aggregates in comparison with sand particles of various sizes. Catena, 127, 279-286. Ravens, T.M. and Gschwend, P.M. (1999). Flume measurements of sediment erodibility in Boston harbor. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125 (10), 998–1005. Rose, C.W., Williams, J. R., Sander, G.C., and Barry, D.A. (1983). A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes: I. Theory for a plane land element. Soil Scince Socity of Amrica Journal, 47, 991-995. Shi, Z.H., Fang, N. F., Wu, F. Z., Wang, L., Yue, B. J. and Wu, G. L. (2012). Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes. Journal of Hydrology, 454–455, 123–130. Sun, L., Fang, H., Cai, Q., Yang, X., He, J., Zhou, J.L. and Wang. X. (2019). Sediment load change with erosion processes under simulated rainfall events. Journal of Geographical Science, 29, 1001–1020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-019-1641-y. Wu, W., Perera, C., Smith, J. and Sanches, A. (2018). Critical shear stress for erosion of sand and mud mixtures. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 56(1), 96–110. doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2017.1300195. Xing, H., Huang, Y. han, Chen, X. yan, Luo, B. lin, and Mi, H. xing. (2018). Comparative study of soil erodibility and critical shear stress between loess and purple soils. Journal of Hydrology, 558, 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.060. Yang, C.T. (1996) Sediment Transport: Theory and Practice. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY Yang, D., Gao, P., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Q. (2018). Modeling sediment concentration of rill flow. Journal of Hydrology, 561, 286-294, doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.009. Zhang, Q., Lei, T. and Huang, X. (2016). Quantifying the sediment transport capacity in eroding rills using a REE tracing method. Land Degradation and Development, 28(2), 591–601. Zhang, X. C. (2019). Determining and modeling dominant processes of interrill soil erosion. Water Resource Research, 55, 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023217. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 540 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 406 |
||